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浅析卧式加工中心上不规则台阶孔存在问题
2022-06-30 14:44:00 【lrglu】
通常我们加工台阶空刀孔,是采用卧式加工中心的精镗固定循环功能来完成。但这仅适用于有规律的台阶孔,对于上述复杂铸件上的台阶空刀孔,由于孔的位置偏差没有规律,而且不规则,这就无法确定镗刀轴向进刀时刀尖的偏转角度,会造成进刀时打刀,即使进刀时不打刀,也会因为孔的位置偏差致使镗孔时单边吃刀而使刀具快速损坏,所以使用卧式加工中心上常规精镗循环的功能来加工上述不规则台阶空刀孔是不适合的。
用半径小于空刀孔半径的单刃镗刀,在主轴刀具旋转的同时,采用软切入螺旋线进给方式镗孔,镗刀刀尖回转半径为r,主轴镗刀旋转,沿台阶孔中心线快速进给到如附图b所示空刀孔最右端,然后镗刀以(R-r)/2为半径的半圆为刀具中心运动轨迹径向软切入如附图c所示空刀孔右端孔壁,然后镗刀从z最右端空刀孔壁以(R-r)为半径的半圆为刀具中心运动轨迹,以台阶孔中心线作轴线,作螺旋线插补进给镗孔,也就是在刀具旋转的同时,机床作二轴联动,即刀具旋转的同时作径向和轴向运动,当镗刀螺旋线插补进给到如附图b所示空刀孔最左端时,刀具又以(R-r)/2为半径的半圆为刀具中心运动轨迹软切出空刀孔壁,使刀具中心轴线又回到台阶孔中心轴线,然后轴向快速退刀,这就完成一个空刀孔的加工过程。这种采用软切入的方法进刀可避免由于孔的位置偏差而造成的打刀现象;而螺旋线插补进给镗孔,既可以避免由于孔的位置偏差造成的单边吃刀打刀现象,又可以实现用小回转半径的镗刀镗大孔的功能。
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