[Day8 literature extensive reading] space and time in the child's mind: evidence for a cross dimensional symmetry

Read the literature ：

Casasanto, D., et al. (2010). "Space and Time in the Child’s Mind: Evidence for a Cross-Dimensional Asymmetry." Cognitive Science 34(3): 387-405.

Links to Literature ：Space and Time in the Child's Mind: Evidence for a Cross-Dimensional Asymmetry - PubMed

This paper is about Day2 Follow up study of literature .

List of articles

• Abstract
• One 、 Preface
• Two 、 Experimental design
• 3、 ... and 、 experimental result
• Four 、 summary
• A little thought

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The concepts in this article ：

A Theory of Magnitude (ATOM)： Space 、 Time and quantity are represented by a simulated order of magnitude system in the brain , So the relationship between them is symmetrical .

Theories of metaphorical mental representation（metaphor）： Abstract dimensions （ Such as time 、 Number ） Asymmetrically dependent on relatively specific dimensions （ Such as space 、 Move ） To express , Be similar to Day3 In the literature Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT).

Abstract

1、 This study takes children as subjects , Explore the relationship between time and space in developing psychology .

2、 Spatial asymmetry across dimensions at the time of discovery , Space has a greater influence on time , Compared with previous studies in adults （Day2 The literature ） Consistent result .

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One 、 Preface

1、 Research questions

What is the relationship between children's space-time perception ？ Is it possible for children to ATOM To become an adult metaphor Development ？

2、 Research ideas

Children were asked to perform distance or time distance judgment tasks （ Be similar to Day2 The literature ）, May appear 3 In this case ：

        （1） Time and space are independent ： Time and space judgment tasks have no influence on each other , This is the least likely scenario ;

        （2） The relationship between time and space is symmetrical ： The influence of time on space is the same as the reverse , It supports ATOM;

        （3） The relationship between time and space is asymmetric ： Space has a greater influence on time , It supports metaphor theory , Consistent with adult results （Day2 The literature ）.

The subjects of this study are children whose mother tongue is Greek , In order to avoid children's understanding problems caused by more use of sentences with spatial information to describe time in English context （ Such as long time）.

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Two 、 Experimental design

99 Subjects participated in 2（ Age group ,47 Name low age 4.5-5.9 year /52 Name high age 9.1-10.9 year , Intergroup ）×2（ Question type , belt / Problems without spatial information [longer/more time], Intergroup ）×2（ Judgment dimension , Time / Space , Within the group ）×2（ Type of cross domain interference , Yes / nothing , Within the group ） Hybrid experimental design , Participate in... In turn 3 A mission ：

（1）Racing snails (distance-time interference task)： Showing two parallel moving snails , Both move 1） Different distances and different times ;2） Different distances at the same time ;3） Same distance, different time , The subjects were asked to compare the distance or duration of their movement .

（2）Static lines (distance judgment control task)： The subjects judged which of the two static lines presented at the same time was longer .

（3）Bouncing snails (duration judgment control task)

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3、 ... and 、 experimental result

1、 Intra group ANOVA

For the intergroup variable age （2 Group ） And the type of problem （2 Group ） Composed of 4 Each treatment team will conduct 2 Of variables within a group 2×2 ANOVA results in ：

（1） The main effect of interference is significant , Without spatiotemporal interference （ Task 2 、 3、 ... and ） The performance of the subjects is better than the interference condition （ Task a ）;

（2） The main effect of judgment task is significant , The performance of spatial judgment task is better than that of temporal judgment task ;

（3） The interaction between interference and judgment task is significant , The influence of cross dimension interference on temporal judgment is higher than that on spatial judgment .

 2、 Mixed analysis of variance

Effect of distance on time judgments = [(% Correct time judgments without distance interference)  - (% Correct time judgments with distance interference)]

Effect of time on distance judgments = [(% Correct distance judgments without temporal interference) - (% Correct distance judgments with temporal interference)]

（1） The main effect of judgment task is significant , The plan comparison shows that the interference effect of space on time is greater than that of time on space , There is an asymmetric relationship between spatiotemporal interference ;

（2） The main effect of problem type and the interaction between the two are not significant , Spatiotemporal interference asymmetry and age 、 Whether to use the problem with spatial information is irrelevant .

3、 The ceiling effect ceiling effect

（1） Performance is significantly below the perfect level （ceiling） Sample of the trial order t test , It is found that the accuracy of time and space task judgment is still asymmetric , Therefore, the ceiling effect is not the cause of spatiotemporal interference asymmetry .

（2） Further analysis of the subjects whose performance was close to perfection found that ： Although the spatiotemporal judgment task matches the judgment ability of the subjects （ Its performance can be almost perfect ）, Spatiotemporal interference asymmetry still exists .

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Four 、 summary

1、 In children's space-time judgment task , The influence of space interference on time task judgment is greater than that of time interference on space task judgment , And ask questions about whether to use questions with spatial information 、 The age of the subjects 、 The subjects' ability to judge spatiotemporal tasks is irrelevant .

2、 This study is related to Day2 The results of literature on adult subjects are consistent , Spatiotemporal interference is asymmetric , Support metaphor theory , I won't support it ATOM（ Theoretical details Day3 The literature ）.

3、 In this study, we found that older children and younger children have the same susceptibility to spatiotemporal interference , And Piaget's children's thinking developed to 7-11 There are different views on the reversibility of thinking time in the specific operation stage , The possible reason is that reversibility is not enough to overcome the interference between space and time , This is also an adult （ Thinking develops to the stage of logical operation ） There are also reasons for spatiotemporal interference .

4、（ In the guidance, etc ） The role of language in the asymmetric relation of spatiotemporal interference deserves further study .

5、 The symmetrical relationship between the two was found in the macaque's space-time judgment task , It may be due to the ability of psychological metaphor 、 Language is unique to mankind , It plays an important role in the spatiotemporal interference relationship .

A little thought

1、 This article aims at the different cognitive ability between children and adults , The experimental paradigm has been adjusted for children , More vivid 、 Interesting , Simple 、 It works .

2、 The three tasks of this article can be regarded as a whole , Task 1 explores children's perception of space-time when space-time interference exists , Task 2 、 Third, the spatial and temporal perceptual abilities of children were studied separately , One 、 The interference of temporal information on spatial perception is obtained by subtracting two , This design is quite ingenious .