How many ways does selenium upload files? I don't believe you have me all!

Selenium Encapsulates the ready-made file upload operation . But with the development of modern front-end framework , There are more and more ways to upload files . And there are some file upload controls , It will be more complicated to do automatic control , This article mainly discusses in complex situations , How to upload files automatically

1、input Element upload file

If the page needs file upload , So in most cases , Can be found in the page source code input The elements of .

If you can see this directly in the page input Elements , Then through the selenium Of send_keys Method can complete the file upload , Pass in the path of the local file in the parameter .

driver.get('<https://testpages.herokuapp.com/styled/file-upload-test.html>')

el = driver.find_element('id', "fileinput")
el.send_keys('/path/of/file.png')

2.input Hidden elements

By modifying element attributes , Change the hidden element attributes .

el = driver.find_element('xpath', '//input[@type="file"]')
driver.execute_script('arguments[0].style.visibility=\\'visible\\'', el)
el.send_keys(r'C:\\Users\\muji\\Desktop\\avatar.png')
 For example, Baidu's search for pictures can be realized in this way .

driver.get('<http://www.baidu.com>')
driver.find_element('css selector', '.soutu-btn').click()
time.sleep(3)
el = driver.find_element('xpath', '//input[@type="file"]')
driver.execute_script('arguments[0].style.visibility=\\'visible\\'', el)
el.send_keys(r'C:\\Users\\muji\\Desktop\\avatar.png')

3. File selection dialog

For some elements , Directly through selenium Self contained send_keys Method to upload the file will not succeed . If you don't want to be right input Too much analysis of elements , Then the more direct way is to use the file upload dialog box to deal with .

Generally speaking , If you need to upload files , So when you click on this element , A file upload dialog box will appear , Ask you to choose a file , And click OK . This dialog box belongs to the system , therefore selenium You can't control it directly . We can use the automation tools of the system or directly call the keyboard to operate this dialog box .

Before operating the dialog , First we pass selenium Click the file upload element .

el = driver.find_element('id', "fileinput")
ActionChains(driver).click(el).perform()

input You can't click on the element , So you can't use element el.click() Method , Need to use ActionChains Below click Method . The difference between them is the of elements el.click The method is more strict , Whether the element is visible , Whether you can click to detect , After the click event takes full effect , Do the following again , If these conditions are not met , There may be a mistake . and Action Under the click The method is much rougher , It hardly detects elements , Move the mouse directly over the element , Perform the click operation , As for whether the click takes effect , It doesn't matter at all .

4. Use pywinauto Upload files

pywinauto yes Windows An automation tool under the system , It can directly obtain Windows The bullet box under the system , So when the file upload window appears , We can use this tool to pass in the path of the file , Then click the open button .

from pywinauto import Desktop

app = Desktop()
dialog = app[' open ']  #  Find the pop-up window by name 
dialog["Edit"].type_keys('/path/of/file.md')  #  Enter the value... In the input box 
dialog["Button"].click()

Another system automation tool is called pyautogui. The biggest feature of this tool is that it uses the coordinate system to locate elements , You can easily cross platform . No matter you are Windows,mac still Linux, You can use this tool to automate .

However, this tool does not support Chinese input at present , Therefore, we need to use the shear board to realize the input . First, we copy the corresponding Chinese into the clipboard , And then through ctrl + v Paste the hotkey into the file path input box .

5. pyautogui

 import pyperclip

 pyperclip.copy('D:\\\\ user .html')
 pyautogui.hotkey('ctrl', 'v')
 pyautogui.press('enter', presses=2)

keyboard

keyboard.write('C:\\\\Users\\\\muji\\\\Desktop\\\\avatar.png')
time.sleep(1)
keyboard.press('enter')

Be careful ： Baidu has disabled crawlers by searching for pictures , So when you upload a file, you will be prompted 「 Picture upload failed , Please upload again 」.

6. Concurrency issues

Uploading files through the system window is simple and crude , But when your program needs to be executed concurrently , Using this method to upload files is more troublesome . If your program needs to be executed concurrently , It's better to control input Elements , Use send_keys Method to upload files .

The house needs to be built layer by layer , Knowledge needs to be learned at one point one . We should lay a good foundation in the process of learning , More hands-on practice , Don't talk much , The last dry goods here ！ I stayed up late to sort out the stages ( function 、 Interface 、 automation 、 performance 、 Test open ) Skills learning materials + Practical explanation , Very suitable for studying in private , It's much more efficient than self-study , Share with you .

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