When initializing with pyqt5, super() and_ init _ () problems faced by the coordinated use of functions, as well as the corresponding learning and solutions

Use PyQt5 On initialization ,super() and _ init _ () Problems faced by the coordinated use of functions , And corresponding learning and solutions .

Problem description ：

1、 I'm learning PyQt5 when , Want to cooperate with QT Designer The design of the .ui File to design the interface , however , Need to put .ui The file is converted to .py File for use .（ If you use pyside , Can be used directly .ui file , But in packaging as a .exe When you file , You need to perform additional operations on these files .）

2、 Due to the conversion to .py Code time , He is with class Class . therefore , In use , When the generated class method needs to be called for the initial session of the interface , It needs to be encapsulated again .

3、 also , In their own actual use QT Designer Design Ui file , And import it as .py When you file , Refer to others' routines to write .py When the file is running , a super(), Because I don't know how to use this function , When copying code , There is always the problem of reporting errors .

4、 So make a note here to learn .

First, give the complete .ui file and Converted .py file

Main window file plot_graph.ui

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ui version="4.0">
 <class>mainWindow</class>
 <widget class="QMainWindow" name="mainWindow">
  <property name="geometry">
   <rect>
    <x>0</x>
    <y>0</y>
    <width>800</width>
    <height>648</height>
   </rect>
  </property>
  <property name="windowTitle">
   <string> main window </string>
  </property>
  <widget class="QWidget" name="centralwidget">
   <layout class="QVBoxLayout" name="verticalLayout">
    <item>
     <layout class="QHBoxLayout" name="horizontalLayout_3">
      <item>
       <layout class="QHBoxLayout" name="horizontalLayout">
        <item>
         <widget class="QPushButton" name="pushButton_2">
          <property name="text">
           <string>PushButton</string>
          </property>
         </widget>
        </item>
        <item>
         <widget class="QPushButton" name="pushButton">
          <property name="text">
           <string>PushButton</string>
          </property>
         </widget>
        </item>
       </layout>
      </item>
      <item>
       <spacer name="horizontalSpacer">
        <property name="orientation">
         <enum>Qt::Horizontal</enum>
        </property>
        <property name="sizeHint" stdset="0">
         <size>
          <width>40</width>
          <height>20</height>
         </size>
        </property>
       </spacer>
      </item>
      <item>
       <layout class="QHBoxLayout" name="horizontalLayout_2">
        <item>
         <widget class="QPushButton" name="pushButton_3">
          <property name="text">
           <string>PushButton</string>
          </property>
         </widget>
        </item>
        <item>
         <widget class="QPushButton" name="pushButton_4">
          <property name="text">
           <string>PushButton</string>
          </property>
         </widget>
        </item>
       </layout>
      </item>
     </layout>
    </item>
    <item>
     <widget class="QPlainTextEdit" name="plainTextEdit">
      <property name="minimumSize">
       <size>
        <width>104</width>
        <height>71</height>
       </size>
      </property>
     </widget>
    </item>
   </layout>
  </widget>
 </widget>
 <resources/>
 <connections/>
</ui>

By switching （VScode + plug-in unit PYQT Integration） Later obtained Ui_plot_graph.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'c:\Users\LJ\Desktop\pyQT5\plot_graph.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.15.4
#
# WARNING: Any manual changes made to this file will be lost when pyuic5 is
# run again. Do not edit this file unless you know what you are doing.


from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets


class Ui_mainWindow(object):
    def setupUi(self, mainWindow):
        mainWindow.setObjectName("mainWindow")
        mainWindow.resize(800, 648)
        self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(mainWindow)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
        self.verticalLayout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self.centralwidget)
        self.verticalLayout.setObjectName("verticalLayout")
        self.horizontalLayout_3 = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
        self.horizontalLayout_3.setObjectName("horizontalLayout_3")
        self.horizontalLayout = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
        self.horizontalLayout.setObjectName("horizontalLayout")
        self.pushButton_2 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.pushButton_2.setObjectName("pushButton_2")
        self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton_2)
        self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")
        self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton)
        self.horizontalLayout_3.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout)
        spacerItem = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(40, 20, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum)
        self.horizontalLayout_3.addItem(spacerItem)
        self.horizontalLayout_2 = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
        self.horizontalLayout_2.setObjectName("horizontalLayout_2")
        self.pushButton_3 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.pushButton_3.setObjectName("pushButton_3")
        self.horizontalLayout_2.addWidget(self.pushButton_3)
        self.pushButton_4 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.pushButton_4.setObjectName("pushButton_4")
        self.horizontalLayout_2.addWidget(self.pushButton_4)
        self.horizontalLayout_3.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout_2)
        self.verticalLayout.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout_3)
        self.plainTextEdit = QtWidgets.QPlainTextEdit(self.centralwidget)
        self.plainTextEdit.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(104, 71))
        self.plainTextEdit.setObjectName("plainTextEdit")
        self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.plainTextEdit)
        mainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)

        self.retranslateUi(mainWindow)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(mainWindow)

    def retranslateUi(self, mainWindow):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        mainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("mainWindow", " main window "))
        self.pushButton_2.setText(_translate("mainWindow", "PushButton"))
        self.pushButton.setText(_translate("mainWindow", "PushButton"))
        self.pushButton_3.setText(_translate("mainWindow", "PushButton"))
        self.pushButton_4.setText(_translate("mainWindow", "PushButton"))

Window file plot_graph1.ui

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ui version="4.0">
 <class>Form</class>
 <widget class="QWidget" name="Form">
  <property name="geometry">
   <rect>
    <x>0</x>
    <y>0</y>
    <width>400</width>
    <height>300</height>
   </rect>
  </property>
  <property name="windowTitle">
   <string>Form</string>
  </property>
  <layout class="QGridLayout" name="gridLayout">
   <item row="0" column="0">
    <widget class="QPushButton" name="pushButton">
     <property name="text">
      <string>PushButton</string>
     </property>
    </widget>
   </item>
   <item row="0" column="1">
    <widget class="QPushButton" name="pushButton_3">
     <property name="text">
      <string>PushButton</string>
     </property>
    </widget>
   </item>
   <item row="1" column="0">
    <widget class="QPushButton" name="pushButton_2">
     <property name="text">
      <string>PushButton</string>
     </property>
    </widget>
   </item>
   <item row="1" column="1">
    <widget class="QPushButton" name="pushButton_4">
     <property name="text">
      <string>PushButton</string>
     </property>
    </widget>
   </item>
  </layout>
 </widget>
 <resources/>
 <connections/>
</ui>

Converted window file Ui_plot_graph1.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'c:\Users\LJ\Desktop\pyQT5\plot_graph1.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.15.4
#
# WARNING: Any manual changes made to this file will be lost when pyuic5 is
# run again. Do not edit this file unless you know what you are doing.


from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets


class Ui_Form(object):
    def setupUi(self, Form):
        Form.setObjectName("Form")
        Form.resize(400, 300)
        self.gridLayout = QtWidgets.QGridLayout(Form)
        self.gridLayout.setObjectName("gridLayout")
        self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Form)
        self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")
        self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton, 0, 0, 1, 1)
        self.pushButton_3 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Form)
        self.pushButton_3.setObjectName("pushButton_3")
        self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton_3, 0, 1, 1, 1)
        self.pushButton_2 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Form)
        self.pushButton_2.setObjectName("pushButton_2")
        self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton_2, 1, 0, 1, 1)
        self.pushButton_4 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Form)
        self.pushButton_4.setObjectName("pushButton_4")
        self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton_4, 1, 1, 1, 1)

        self.retranslateUi(Form)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Form)

    def retranslateUi(self, Form):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        Form.setWindowTitle(_translate("Form", "Form"))
        self.pushButton.setText(_translate("Form", "PushButton"))
        self.pushButton_3.setText(_translate("Form", "PushButton"))
        self.pushButton_2.setText(_translate("Form", "PushButton"))
        self.pushButton_4.setText(_translate("Form", "PushButton"))

notes ： The top two .py The files are Respective ui The files are generated automatically , By running these two scripts, there will be no square sound （ Just two classes , There is no other operation ）.

therefore , In order to call by ui Generate .py Interface , Need to write a new .py To implement these two different interfaces , The specific code is as follows .

import sys 
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication , QMainWindow
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget
from Ui_plot_graph import Ui_mainWindow   #  Import custom   Created   main window (mainwidget) Design interface for 
from Ui_plot_graph1 import Ui_Form    #  Import custom   Created   window （widget） Design interface for 


#  notes ： Ui_mainWindow  It can be replaced with any name , But it must be   adopt  mainWindow.ui  The generated class 
#  Class initialized by main window 
class MyMainWindow(QMainWindow,Ui_mainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        #super(MyMainWindow, self).__init__() #  call MyMainWindow The parent class of constructs the initialization method 
        QMainWindow.__init__(self) #  call QMainWindow The parent class constructs the initialization method 
    #def __init__(self,parent=None):
        #super(MyMainWindow, self).__init__(parent=None) #  call MyMainWindow The parent class of constructs the initialization method  
        self.setupUi(self)   #  initialization , Call the parent class （Ui_mainWindow） Of  setupUi()  Method 

#  notes ： Ui_Form  It can be replaced with any name , But it must be   adopt  MyWidget.ui  The generated class 
#  Window initialization class 
class MyWidget(QMainWindow,Ui_Form):
    def __init__(self):
        super(QMainWindow, self).__init__() #  call MyMainWindow The parent class of constructs the initialization method 
    #def __init__(self,parent=None):
        #super(MyMainWindow, self).__init__(parent=None) #  call MyMainWindow The parent class of constructs the initialization method  
        self.setupUi(self)   #  initialization , Call the parent class （Ui_mainWindow） Of  setupUi()  Method 


#  The wrong sample , Here is the design  .UI When you file , The class name of the window is used , But at runtime , The inherited classes are   The class name of the main window  QMainWindow. And that leads to mistakes . 
""" class MyWidget(QMainWindow,Ui_Form): def __init__(self): super(QMainWindow, self).__init__() #  call MyMainWindow The parent class of constructs the initialization method  #def __init__(self,parent=None): #super(MyMainWindow, self).__init__(parent=None) #  call MyMainWindow The parent class of constructs the initialization method  self.setupUi(self) #  initialization , Call the parent class （Ui_mainWindow） Of  setupUi()  Method  """

if __name__=="__main__":  
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)  # QT  Self initialization ,sys.argv It's a command line argument   notes ：  This has to be placed in QT Use the front 
    myWin = MyWidget()      #  Load one UI file , Also on UI Initialize the interface 
    myWin.show()             #  Show UI Interface 
    sys.exit(app.exec_())  

Main realization idea ：

1、 Import two converted （class） class （ One is the class of the main window 、 One is the class of window ）

from Ui_plot_graph import Ui_mainWindow   #  Import custom   Created   main window (mainwidget) Design interface for 
from Ui_plot_graph1 import Ui_Form    #  Import custom   Created   window （widget） Design interface for 

2、 Encapsulate these two classes respectively , Realize the initialization of the interface

#  Class initialized by main window 
class MyMainWindow(QMainWindow,Ui_mainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        #super(MyMainWindow, self).__init__() #  call MyMainWindow The parent class of constructs the initialization method 
        QMainWindow.__init__(self) #  call QMainWindow The parent class constructs the initialization method 
    #def __init__(self,parent=None):
        #super(MyMainWindow, self).__init__(parent=None) #  call MyMainWindow The parent class of constructs the initialization method  
        self.setupUi(self)   #  initialization , Call the parent class （Ui_mainWindow） Of  setupUi()  Method 

#  Window initialization class 
class MyWidget(QWidget,Ui_Form):
    def __init__(self):
        super(QWidget, self).__init__() #  call MyMainWindow The parent class of constructs the initialization method 
    #def __init__(self,parent=None):
        #super(MyMainWindow, self).__init__(parent=None) #  call MyMainWindow The parent class of constructs the initialization method  
        self.setupUi(self)   #  initialization , Call the parent class （Ui_mainWindow） Of  setupUi()  Method 

There are two different interface packages , You can see , One of the encapsulated classes inherits two first The contents of the parent class , Namely （ Corresponding ui Window type parent ,UI The generated class ）.

_ init _(self) function , Itself is when you call this function , First, execute this initialization method internally , This does not require additional calls .

therefore , Here you need to package _ init _ (self) Its own initialization process , By inheritance QMainWindow（ Main window class ）or QMainWindow ( Window class ), There are some initialization contents . therefore , The encapsulated class first needs to call The initialization method of the parent class is completed Encapsulate the initialization content of the class , also , You also need to call from .ui The file is converted to .py File class . Finally complete the initialization of the interface .

Here's the thing to notice , When calling the method of the parent class or initializing the parent class , There are several ways .

#  Mode one 
QMainWindow.__init__(self) #  call QMainWindow The parent class constructs the initialization method 
#  Mode two 
super(MyMainWindow, self).__init__() #  call MyMainWindow The parent class of constructs the initialization method 
#  Mode three  （ This way of initialization can also be realized ）
super(QMainWindow, self).__init__() #  call MyMainWindow The parent class of constructs the initialization method 

When writing encapsulated classes , First, make it clear , It is when we design .ui When you file , It uses QMainWindow still QWidget. （ Because when I started learning , Without systematic learning , Actually pyQT I haven't found any good learning materials , And see super() Function doesn't know how to use . So I always encounter various problems , Let's talk a little more here .）

Last , stay Encapsulated classes _ init _ call ui Generated interface content , Finally, initialize the interface .

self.setupUi(self)  #  initialization , Call the parent class （Ui_Form） Of  setupUi()  Method 

Last , Instantiate the encapsulated class .

if __name__=="__main__":  
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)  # QT  Self initialization ,sys.argv It's a command line argument   notes ：  This has to be placed in QT Use the front 
    myWin = MyMainWindow()      #  Load one MyMainWindow  Of UI file , Also on UI Instantiate the interface , Initialization interface data .
    myWin.show()             #  Show UI Interface （ Here is the method of inheriting the parent class to call ）
    sys.exit(app.exec_())