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Quickly build KVM virtual machine on ＃ yyds dry goods inventory ＃ physical machine
2022-06-24 23:27:00 【Feng, crazy】
1. Download the virtual machine image file
Find the image file by yourself （cdsn Downloading usually requires points ）, Or contact me （ I use it centos Mirror image , The kernel version is 2015 Years old , You need to upgrade later ）
wget filepath // Download the file
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2. Enable virtualization configuration for physical machine
grep vmx /proc/cpuinfo
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If there is vmx Information output , It means that we support VT; If there is no output , Explain your cpu不 Support , Will not be available KVM virtual machine
lsmod | grep kvm
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If there is no output information, you need to load kvm
// Unloading module
modprobe -r kvm_intel // You don't have to execute
// Reload module
modprobe kvm
modprobe kvm_intel // Reload module
lsmod | grep kvm
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3. Nested virtualization （ If not, please skip ）
cat /sys/module/kvm_intel/parameters/nested
Y
modprobe kvm-intel nested=1
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4. to update yum The warehouse is Alibaba cloud
Easy to install packages are the latest
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
&&
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
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5. loading virsh Required plug-ins
yum install -y qemu-kvm qemu-kvm-tools
&&yum install -y libvirt
&&yum install -y virt-install
&&yum install -y python-urllib3
&& yum install libguestfs-tools
//libguestfs-tool yes virt Related packages
// View the virtual machine installation log
cat /var/log/libvirt/qemu/centos7_15.log
virsh list --all // Error, please restart libvirtd
systemctl status libvirtd
// View the service status
systemctl start libvirtd
// Start the service
systemctl enable libvirtd
// Boot up
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6. Set up virtual machine network
brctl addbr br0
//192.168.66.254 It's the gateway , The network segment can be selected by itself 192.168.66.0/24
ifconfig br0 192.168.66.254/24（yum install net-tools）
// Visit the Internet enp24s0f1 It is a physical network card
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.66.0/24 -o enp24s0f1 -j MASQUERADE
//192.168.103.50 It's a physical machine ip, The following is remote forwarding 192.168.66.1 Is the first virtual machine
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 192.168.103.50 -p tcp --dport 53301 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.66.1:22
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7. establish kvm
frequently-used kvm The format is raw Follow qcow2
qemu-img create -f qcow2 /home/vm/vm1.qcow2 200G
virt-install \
--virt-type kvm \
--name vm1 \
--vcpus 16 \
--memory 32768 \
--cdrom=/home/vm/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1511.iso \
--disk path=/home/vm/vm1.qcow2 \
--network bridge=br0 \
--graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 \
--os-type=linux \
--os-variant=rhel7
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installation is complete
virsh list // View virtual machine
virsh vncdisplay vm1 // see vnc port vnc Log in to use VNC Server Fill in this column ip:port
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Need to download one vnc Client to connect vm1 Deploy the operating system （ The first installation requires vnc The latter is used directly virt-clone machine ）
Just follow VMware The same steps as installing the virtual machine , But faster , Because there is no graphical interface
frequently-used virsh command ：
virsh list
virsh start vm1
virsh shutdown vm1
virsh edit vm1 // Profile can be modified
virsh vncdisplay vm1
virsh undefine vm1 // Delete with then rm -rf vm1.qcow2
virsh destroy vm1 // closed
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8. Network card configuration
eth0 Is the name of the network card
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
PEERDNS=yes
PEERROUTES=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_PEERDNS=yes
IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
NAME=eth0
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.66.1
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.66.254
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9. Kernel upgrade
rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-2.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
yum --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install kernel-ml -y
vi /etc/default/grub
# Set up GRUB_DEFAULT=0, intend GRUB The first kernel of the initialization page will be the default kernel
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
reboot // Reselect the first one to boot the kernel
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10. Clone virtual machine
virt-clone -o vm1 -n vm2 -f /home/vm/vm2.qcow2
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After cloning, you can directly use ssh Sign in , The premise is to shut down the clone machine , Otherwise ip Conflict
qemu-img convert -f raw -O qcow2 /home/vm/vm1.raw /home/vm/vm1.qcow2
// Two kinds of kvm format conversion qcow2 Fast raw Good storage performance
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11. Possible network problems
iptables Command Reference ：
iptables -t nat --line-number -nvL
iptables -t nat -D PREROUTING 1
// Visit the Internet
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.55.0/24 -o enp24s0f1 -j MASQUERADE
//ip route add default via 192.168.63.1
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 192.168.103.50 -p tcp --dport 53301 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.44.1:22
//vnc to open up vnc Access port
iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 5900:5920 -j ACCEPT
// Firewall problem
iptables -I FORWARD -s 192.168.66.0/24 -j ACCEPT//dns Unavailability issues
iptables -I FORWARD -d 192.168.66.0/24 -j ACCEPT// This machine 533 Port login
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