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Share the basic knowledge of a common Hongmeng application

2022-07-02 02:35:00 【A drop in the universe】

What is Hongmeng application

User application generally refers to running on the operating system of the device , Programs that provide specific services to users , abbreviation “ application ”, abbreviation APP.
stay HarmonyOS Applications running on , There are two forms ：

Traditional applications that need to be installed .
Provide specific functions , Installation free applications （ Atomized services ）.

The form of Hongmeng application

Hongmeng application software package to APP Pack（Application Package） Form release , It is composed of one or more HAP（HarmonyOS Ability Package） And describe each HAP Attribute pack.info form .HAP yes [Ability] Deployment package for ,HarmonyOS Application code around Ability Component expansion .
Similar to the common Web application ,HAP Also by code 、 resources 、 Third party libraries and application configuration files .
HAP Can be divided into entry and feature Two module types ：

entry： The main module of the application . One APP in , There must be and only one for the same device type entry Type of HAP, It can be installed and operated independently .
feature： Dynamic characteristic module of application . One APP Can contain one or more feature Type of HAP, It can also be without . Only contains Ability Of HAP To be able to run independently .

# Share the actual operation of private items # The basic knowledge of a common Hongmeng application _ Resource file

Ability

Ability（ Ability , It can be interface capability , It can also be service capability ）, It is the basic unit of application software . Abstraction of the capabilities of an application , An application can have multiple capabilities , That is, it can contain multiple Ability, Hongmeng HarmonyOS Support applications to Ability Deploy for the unit .

The library files

Library files are third-party code that applications rely on （ for example so、jar、bin、har Wait for binary ）, Store in libs Catalog .

Resource file

The resource file is easy to understand ： character string 、 picture 、 Icon 、 Audio etc. . Place in resources Under the table of contents .

      
      
       
       resources
       
       
|---base  //  Default existing directory 
       
       
|   |---element
       
       
|   |   |---string.json
       
       
|   |---media
       
       
|   |   |---icon.png
       
       
|---en_GB-vertical-car-mdpi //  Examples of qualifier lists , Developers need to create their own    
       
       
|   |---element
       
       
|   |   |---string.json
       
       
|   |---media
       
       
|   |   |---icon.png
       
       
|---rawfile  //  Default existing directory 
      
      
      
      
       
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For details, see Classification and use of resource files

The configuration file

Other under development , The configuration file format can be XML or JSON Format , Hongmeng application also adopts JSON Format , The configuration file is config.json . Configuration files are applied Ability Information , Used to declare the application Ability , And the permissions required by the application .
Each application HAP There is one in the root directory of “config.json” The configuration file , It mainly covers the following three aspects ：

Global configuration information for the application , Contains the package name of the application 、 Manufacturer 、 Basic information such as version number .
Configuration information applied to specific devices .
HAP Package configuration information , Include each Ability Basic properties that must be defined （ Such as package name 、 Class name 、 Type and Ability Capabilities provided ）, As well as the permissions required for the application to access the system or other protected parts of the application .

This is from the last article HelloWorld In program config.json file ：

       
       {
       
       "app": {
       
       "bundleName": 
       
       "com.example.helloworld",
       
       "vendor": 
       
       "example",
       
       "version": {
       
       "code": 
       
       1000000,
       
       "name": 
       
       "1.0.0"
       
    }
       
  },
       
       "deviceConfig": {},
       
       "module": {
       
       "package": 
       
       "com.example.helloworld",
       
       "name": 
       
       ".MyApplication",
       
       "mainAbility": 
       
       "com.example.helloworld.MainAbility",
       
       "deviceType": [
       
       "phone"
       
    ],
       
       "distro": {
       
       "deliveryWithInstall": 
       
       true,
       
       "moduleName": 
       
       "entry",
       
       "moduleType": 
       
       "entry",
       
       "installationFree": 
       
       false
       
    },
       
       "abilities": [
       
      {
       
       "skills": [
       
          {
       
       "entities": [
       
       "entity.system.home"
       
            ],
       
       "actions": [
       
       "action.system.home"
       
            ]
       
          }
       
        ],
       
       "orientation": 
       
       "unspecified",
       
       "name": 
       
       "com.example.helloworld.MainAbility",
       
       "icon": 
       
       "$media:icon",
       
       "description": 
       
       "$string:mainability_description",
       
       "label": 
       
       "$string:entry_MainAbility",
       
       "type": 
       
       "page",
       
       "launchType": 
       
       "standard"
       
      }
       
    ]
       
  }
       
}
      
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For the explanation of the configuration file, please see ： The elements of the configuration file

pack.info

Describe each in the application package HAP Properties of , from IDE Compile the generated , The application market unpacks and stores according to this document HAP Classified storage .HAP The specific properties of include ：

delivery-with-install: It means that we should HAP Whether to support installation with application .“true” Indicates that it supports installation with the application ;“false” Indicates that installation with application is not supported .
name：HAP file name .
module-type： Module type ,entry or feature .
device-type： Expressed support for the HA P Type of equipment running .

HAR

HAR（HarmonyOS Ability Resources） It can provide all the content needed to build an application , Including source code 、 Resource files and config.json file .HAR differ HAP ,HAR It cannot be installed and run on the equipment independently , Can only be referenced as a dependency of an application module .

HelloWorld The overall structure of the project

open HelloWorld After the project , stay Project The preview project structure in the left column is shown in the figure ：

# Share the actual operation of private items # The basic knowledge of a common Hongmeng application _json_02

We can see that entry Catalog , This directory is actually an application HAP package , The type is entry type .

Then we are src/main/java Next, you can see the folder named after the package ： What is stored here is our Java Code . The code here can be used to create layouts 、 Dynamically adjust the layout and provide support services for interaction .
and java Folder at the same level resources Application resources are distributed under the directory , The contents of this catalog are base Under the table of contents , According to the classification of resources, there are multiple folders .
element： Represents an element resource , be lying json File format , It is mainly used to represent string 、 Color value 、 Boolean value , Can be quoted elsewhere .
graphic： Paintable resources , use xml Documents to show , For example, the fillet button in the project 、 Button color .
layout： Layout resources , For example, page layout resources
media： Media resources , Including pictures 、 Audio and video and other non text format files
config.json： The configuration file

# Share the actual operation of private items # The basic knowledge of a common Hongmeng application _json_03

And main Catalog level test The directory is the test directory , It can be used to unit test the functions written by yourself , Ensure the correctness of the code .
And src A level one libs Directories are used to store or reference third-party packages , for example jar package 、so Bag, etc .
and entry Catalog level build The directory is used to store the final compiled package , That is to say HAP package .

summary

Through the above HelloWorld The application simply explains the files contained in a Hongmeng application 、 Project structure 、 And the functions of each module , Here is just a brief list of some knowledge , For more information, readers are advised to refer to the official documents to learn and understand .
Only familiar with one project structure , To know where to write the code as a developer , isn't it? ？
Hurry to learn . See you in the next article ！

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