Web services (02) - Web server middleware

Web service （02）——Web Server middleware

Preface

Web An application is a way to Web An application accessed by , Its advantage is that users can easily access the application , You can access it through a browser , There is no need to install any other software . Here we need to mention two architectural patterns ——C/S and B/S Pattern , C/S Mode programs are all run independently , and B/S Patterns are browser and server-side applications , Such programs generally need the help of, for example IE Browser to run ,web Applications are generally B/S Pattern ,web An application is first and foremost a program , And some standard programming languages , Such as C++ The programs written are not fundamentally different . and web Applications can be said to be B/S The product of patterns . One web Applications are made up of specific tasks and various web Components , And pass web Show the service to the outside world .

And the premise has been ,web The server only provides a static page parsing , and web Application middleware can parse dynamic languages , Such as ：Tomcat etc. .

One 、JAVA middleware

1、Tomcat

Tomcat yes Apache Software foundation (Apache Software Foundation) Of akarta A core project in a project , from Apache、Sun Developed with other companies and individuals . because Tomcat Advanced technology 、 Stable performance , And the project is free , So deeply java Fans love it and get the approval of some software developers , Become the more popular java Web application server (Servlet Containers ). actually Tomcat Part of it is Apache Extension of the server , But it runs on its own , So when you run tomcat when , It's actually as a relationship with Apache Independent processes run alone .Tomcat The server is a free open source Web application server , Application servers are lightweight , It is widely used in small and medium-sized systems and occasions when Jingfa has not many users , Is development and debugging SP Program preference .Tomcat By default 8080 Port no. .

2.Weblogic

WebLogic Is the U.S. Oracle One produced by the company application server, It's exactly based on JAVAEE Middleware of Architecture ,WebLogic Is for development 、 Integrate 、 Deploy and manage large distributed Web application 、 Network applications and database applications java application server . take java Dynamic functions and java Enterprise Standard security is introduced into the development of large-scale network applications 、 Integrate 、 Deployment and management ,Neblogic The default port is 7001.

3.Jboss

Jboss It is a magazine based Java EE Open source application server . It's not just Servlet Containers , And it's also EJB Containers , Thus, it is welcomed by enterprise developers , It makes up for Tomcat Just one. Servlet The shortcomings of the container .JBoss It's a management EJB Containers and servers for .. but Boss Core services do not include support servlet/JSP Of WEB Containers , Generally speaking, it is related to Tomcat or Jetty Binding uses .jboss The default port number is 8080.

4.Webshaere

WebShere yes IBM Software platform . It includes writing 、 Run and monitor all day industrial intensity on demand Web Application and cross platform 、 The entire middleware infrastructure required for cross product solutions , Server, such as 、 Services and tools .WebSphere Provides a reliable . Flexible and robust software .WebSphere Is a modular platform , Based on industry supported open standards . You can use trusted and long-lasting interfaces , Insert existing assets into WebSphere, You can continue to expand the environment ,WebSphere Can run on many platforms , Include Intel、Unux and z/OS.Vebsherel The default port number is 9080.

Two 、Python middleware

1、wsgi

An implementation python General interface standard for parsing / agreement , Follow wsgi The same concept is Ruby Linguistic Rack, It can be said that wsgi It is a general interface standard or interface protocol , Realized python web Universality of interaction between program and server , With this thing ,web.py perhaps bottle perhaps django And so on python web Development framework , It can be easily deployed in different webserver Yes , No special configuration is required （ It also requires some minor configuration adjustments ）.

2、uwsgi

uwsgi Same as WSGI It's also a communication protocol , It's a uWSGI The server has its own protocol , It is used to define the type of information transmitted (type of information), every last uwsgi packet front 4byte Description of the type of information transmitted , It is associated with WSGI There are two things in comparison .

3.uWSGI

A kind of python web serverg Also known as Server/Gateway,wsgi similar tornadoweb perhaps flup, It's a kind of pythonweb server,uWSGI Is to implement the uwsgi and WSGI Two kinds of agreement Web The server , Responsible for responding to python Of web request . because apache Good ,nginx Let it be , They don't parse dynamic languages themselves, such as php The function of , Instead, it is assigned to other modules , such as apache You can say built-in php modular , The support is very good , It's like apache It supports php equally ,uwsgi Realized WSGl agreement 、uwsgi、http Such agreement ,Nginx in HttpUwsgiModule Its function is to communicate with uWSGI The server exchanges . Similar ones ：flup.

3、 ... and 、Php middleware

1、php-fpm

Php-fpm The full name is php fastcgi process manager namely ohp fastcg Process Manager , comparison fastcgi Static arousal cgi,fpm Can dynamically evoke according to the pressure of access cg Process and destroy to achieve dynamic adjustment cgi Number , This can effectively use memory . In addition, there are other advantages , such as ,fpm It can also be overloaded smoothly php To configure ： because fpm It's using UnixSocket To communicate with the server , So there is no need to configure cgi port ;fpm Better state output and slowlog journal ,502 Can give more error details when .

2、CGI

CGI It's a universal web standard , You can think roughly CGI It is written in any language Web Standard of procedure .

3、FastCGI

FASTCG yes Web The server (exnginx) And language interpreter (eX:uWsg) The specification of the underlying communication protocol , It's right CGl An open extension of .

4、Php-FastCGI

Web Server Load... On startup FastCGlI Process Manager (IIS ISAP\ or Apache Module);FastCG Process manager initialization itself , Start multiple CG Interpreter process （ Multiple... Are visible in the task manager php-Cgi.exe) And wait for it to come from Web Server The connection of ; When a client request arrives Web Server when ,FastCGli The process manager selects and connects to a CGI Interpreter .Web server take CGl Environment variables and standard input are sent to FastCGI Subprocesses php-cgi.exe,FastCGH After the subprocess finishes processing, standard output and error information are returned from the same connection Web Server. When FastCGH When the child process closes the connection , Request processing completed .FastCGl The subprocess then waits and processes from FastCGli Process Manager （ Running on the WebServer in ) Next connection for . In the normal CG In the pattern ,php-cgi.exe I quit here .

Four 、 Other middleware

1、 Transaction processing middleware ——Hadoop

Hadoop It realizes the basic algorithm in Distributed Computing ( Such as consistent algorithm 、 Election algorithm 、 Fault detection 、 Snapshots, etc ), At the same time, it provides users with programming and command interfaces .

2、 Message middleware ——QPID

Qpid yes Apache Developed an object-oriented message middleware ,Qpid Provides a lot of extra HA characteristic , It is very suitable for message communication in cluster environment .

3、 Object oriented middleware ——ICE

ICE As a new type of object-oriented middleware , At present, it has not been widely used . However, it provides various benefits for application development in terms of architecture , Such as object-oriented semantics 、 Support synchronous and asynchronous messaging 、 Support multiple interfaces 、 machine 、 Language 、 Operating system independence 、 Thread support 、 Location and server transparency 、 High security 、 Built in permanent mechanism and open source, etc , It has very strong technical advantages . In building a three-tier distributed system , ICE Middleware technology has a good development prospect .

Mingxing 、 High security 、 Built in permanent mechanism and open source, etc , It has very strong technical advantages . In building a three-tier distributed system , ICE Middleware technology has a good development prospect .

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