NC | intestinal cells and lactic acid bacteria work together to prevent Candida infection

     The presence of probiotics such as lactic acid bacteria changes the environment in the gut , Forcing yeast Candida albicans to change its metabolism , Reduce its infectivity . In this way , Probiotics can curb or prevent the spread of fungal infection in the intestine . Leibniz natural products research and infection biology -Hans Knöll Research institute, （Leibniz- HKI） The researchers also found that , Intestinal cells actively promote bacterial growth , To protect yourself from fungi . The results are published in Nature Communications The journal .

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30661-5

     Candida albicans naturally colonizes the human body , Especially in the intestines . Usually this is a benign colonization , Because the immune system and a healthy gut microbiota can control it . However , If the microbiota is out of balance or the immune system is severely damaged , Candida albicans will enter the blood circulation . This could be life-threatening , Especially for people with low immune function in intensive care unit .

Candida albicans （ yellow ） Forming hyphae on differentiated intestinal epithelial cells （ Blue indicates nucleus , Purple means F- Actin ）. source ：Raquel Alonso-Roman / Leibniz-Hki

    Leibniz-HKI The researchers found that , Human intestinal cells play an important role in combating fungal infections caused by Candida albicans . First author Raquel Alonso-Roman explains ：“ Intestinal cells nourish lactic acid bacteria , Lactic acid bacteria therefore multiply , In turn, it deprives yeast of nutrients .” The new environment forces Candida albicans to adapt to its metabolism , Make it lack some characteristics , Reduce its infectivity . Probiotics can be added to the intestines in yeast 、 Establish a balance between lactic acid bacteria and other microbiota , So as to restore health .

     Candida albicans infection , For example, vulvovaginal infection , It has been successfully treated by lactic acid bacteria . Part in charge of microbial pathogenesis Bernhard Hube explains ：“ We already know , Lactic acid bacteria in particular can counteract fungal infections , Prevent or even kill fungi . Our work is now settled “ how ” The problem of .

When growing in cell culture medium , Candida albicans will switch from mycelium to yeast . source ：Raquel Alonso-Roman / Leibniz-Hk

     The researchers collaborated with the Institute's systems biologists , Developed predictable Lactobacillus rhamnosus （Lactobacillus rhamnosus ） How do you behave when you encounter Candida albicans Computer model of .Leibniz-HKI Young researchers Mark Gresnigt explains ：“ Using data from previous studies , Our computer model can predict that lactic acid bacteria will multiply and eventually offset Candida albicans .” However , Subsequent experiments in the laboratory showed that , The bacteria did not reproduce in the traditional medium as expected .Gresnigt Continue to say ：“ Only when we add intestinal epithelial cells , Lactic acid bacteria are just beginning to multiply .” The researchers are in the same Leibniz-Hki Of Slavena Vylkova Together with the youth research group , Find out how yeast and fungi change their metabolism to adapt to the new environment . Because there is no longer enough nutrients in the intestines , Therefore, the gene activity of Candida albicans was adjusted , This reduces the infectivity of yeast fungi and can no longer damage intestinal cells .

     The results of this study are an important step in the fight against life-threatening fungal infections .Hube explains ：“ We want to know how probiotics fight infection . With this knowledge , We may be able to formulate measures to prevent the infection of this fungus . The idea is that without using probiotics , Affect fungi in the form of probiotics .” He also said ：“ Especially in patients with immune insufficiency , Using live bacteria as a treatment is often too dangerous .”

     human beings 、 The balance and imbalance between animals and microorganisms in the environment is  Balance of the Microverse Cluster of Excellence and the Collaborative Research Center FungiNet The research focus of , And this work is supported by the center .

original text ：Alonso-Roman R, Last A, Mirhakkak MH, Sprague JL, Möller L, Großmann P, Graf K, Gratz R, Mogavero S, Vylkova S, Panagiotou G, Schäuble S, Hube B, Gresnigt MS (2022) Lactobacillus rhamnosus colonisation antagonizes Candida albicans by forcing metabolic adaptations that compromise pathogenicity. Nature Communications, doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-30661-5

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