Trends in software development in 2022

1. Observability [ track 、 Monitoring and recording are crucial

You are developing your software , You are ready to deploy it . All the tests passed , The test coverage has also reached a good level . Knowing this , We can deploy our code , And continue to work calmly . Although this is not the ideal situation （ And it's rare ）, Our code may still fail . Yes ! therefore , Developers need to watch their code all the time , And keep it reporting metrics . In case of any fault , You need to get your system ready to provide you with logs . just as Andrzej Written .

Observability is crucial . Without it , Developers are blind . It gives us the opportunity to react to every problem in the system at any time .

2. Use at the same time " There is no server " and " There are servers. " Method is a good way . under these circumstances , We can benefit from two software development methods .

Serverless Is a way to run applications （ Seems to be ）, No servers are involved . Of course , This is a major simplification -- There are always servers involved ; Just in this case , You don't need to do anything about them , And they are pre configured . It is touted as a new black Technology , except ...... It is not the perfect cure for all diseases . First , You cannot configure the underlying server , As we mentioned earlier . You can't really know what's under the hood . This main disadvantage is also the main advantage of this method . You don't need to configure anything , So it's not so much deployment ⇾ worry , It's more about deployment ⇾ forget .

Solutions without servers or with servers have benefits . In modern systems , It is common to combine the two methods to obtain most solutions .

3. Container everything !Kubernetes Is a popular technology !

Not all software development trends are good ideas . You remember CoffeeScript or Ruby Do you ？ Unfortunately , We have . Fortunately, . Kubernetes(K8S) It seems that I don't intend to join the sad valley of these two people .K8S Is making DevOps The life of experts has become more 、 more 、 It's easier .

Here are the benefits of introducing containerization and container orchestration as core terms of the technology strategy .

• You will be able to easily optimize your IT Infrastructure costs
• Due to seamless expansion , Your users can expect higher availability and better service level agreements
• Use Kubernetes Make it easier for your team to use multi cloud solutions
• Because containers and container choreography tools are not related to technology , You can use any technology you want to build a leaner team .
• By containerizing , You will never meet again " It works on my machine " Of The old question
• After acquiring a financial technology start-up , Northwest mutual bank must integrate the workflow between cloud native and internal processes , Deploy more frequently , And unify the operation of its team , To ensure that their customers continue to get the seamless experience they are accustomed to . Use Kubernetes Help them speed up their deployment 25 More than times , From one year 24 Time to 10 Months 500 More than once , Planned interruptions have become a thing of the past , Because of their API Management is deployed in Kubernetes Part of the overall stack on , Infrastructure costs have fallen significantly . You can learn more about these points in the case study 、 towards AWS The transition of 、 Using microservices 、 Updated developer autonomy , And let their 450 Million customers are satisfied with the quality and speed of their service .
• stay Capital One Case study , The bottom line is a big question . Their estimates show , If not used K8s The ability to automatically and easily expand , their AWS Infrastructure costs will easily double or even quadruple . They use Kubernetes Other benefits we see are the time to market of new products , Now just 2 Zhou , In the past, you may need 3 Months or more . Begin to pay close attention to Kubernetes The main reason for the development ？Capital One Our team wants to improve their speed of processing streaming data , In order to make key decisions in the field of fraud detection and credit decision , And deal with other big data and machine learning applications that are crucial to the daily operation of banks . You can learn more about these points in the case study 、 Improved deployment speed 、K8s How to help unify Capital One Development environment and so on .

In addition to the obvious benefits , We will leave you with some case studies , I hope I can give you some inspiration , Help you decide to use Kubernetes Is it right for you , And show more in-depth benefits .

• Reduce time to market for new features , Increase the configuration speed from a few months to a few minutes , And ensure that one family is 7500 The education company serving 10000 users is high SLA.
• In a complex development environment including many products , Downtime between application versions is zero , The new deployment time is shortened from a few hours to a few seconds , The new release speed has been improved 3 times .
• Zalando This European fashion e-commerce leader uses K8s Expand , Realize a variety of business use cases , If delivered on the same day 、 multi-tenancy 、 Increase their product and geographical range , And enable them to rewrite and create everything they have been using as custom software SaaS product .
• Adidas The loading time of e-commerce websites has been reduced by half , Publish many times every day , Instead of once a month , As Adidas turns to cloud native , The autonomy of developers is greatly enhanced .

4. When it comes to software architecture , We should divide and rule .

The large-sized monomer is a story of yesterday to some extent . They have long plagued developers , But not now . Dividing a huge unit code base into smaller applications is a new way of doing things . It can make your application fireproof , Reduce the frequency of errors , Make applications safer when errors occur . The disadvantage is that , Applications become more difficult to test , And more resources are needed to complete . For smaller teams , Maintaining a single machine is still more meaningful .

Divide a single application into independent microservices .

5. Open source and free software are the way of the future .

React, Angular, as well as Zuul, They are from Meta（ Used to be Facebook）、 Google and Netflix, It is a tool used by countless developers every day . If there were no free tools distributed by these organizations to all who would like to use them , Everyone's work will become more difficult . Countless services will not appear in the sun , Because writing these applications is too difficult or time-consuming . All of this is because , Before writing these applications , People have to figure out how to write the front end for scale , It would be extremely inefficient not to share the experience learned .

This is why we must praise the maintainers of open source and free software 、 Creators and all others who contribute to the creation and maintenance of this software .

Create a tool / Technology and make it open source （ Or make it free ） Bring eternal glory to the organization .

6. Using architectural patterns .

In software development , There is a common rule -- Don't reinvent the wheel . Knowing that we may have faced the same problems as others , This rule becomes more valuable . This is why engineers and developers around the world use architectural patterns to organize their projects -- Instead of wasting time thinking about how to find solutions that others have come up with .

Many modern software uses CQRS and Event Sourcing Equal mode . Don't reinvent the wheel , Use these modes .

7. Programming languages are constantly evolving .

The fact that we have more and more new programming languages is not surprising . They come and go , After leaving, it was replaced by other languages . No one else Algol or Pascal It's encoded . However , There is an old man ,C, There is still , Although this is a topic worth discussing alone .

One notable aspect is the way they have evolved over the years . At first , Imperative language is the only language that exists . then , Object oriented languages are booming , Now? , Some may argue that , They are being eliminated by more flexible languages , These languages are mixed with some imperative 、 Functional and object-oriented features .

The way language develops is more and more independent of the system we work , And related systems . Modern languages are cross platform . because DevOps The development of , The choice of language is becoming less and less important .

8. Due to the existence of modern infrastructure , Complexity is shifting from applications to external platforms .

The traditional infrastructure on the physical server in the basement has been replaced by cloud providers and related technologies . We have virtual machines as services 、 Databases as services and many other information elements as services . The main planning in software solutions has shifted to the high-level design of infrastructure , Because many things can be automated on this basis . Besides , We also have container and container coordination . It takes over complexity , Because we can divide the system into smaller 、 The simpler part .

Application code becomes more platform independent . However , The complexity lies in infrastructure and operations . Application developers are increasingly focused on business logic .DevOps The engineer deals with the rest .

9.SCRUM != AGILE

Adopting a specific process usually leads to learning behavior , Eventually lead to habits . At least , This is its theory .

However , In some cases , Process is still process , People just struggle to get through the motions , But behavior never develops . Think of it this way , How many development teams have you seen go through all Scrum Ceremony , But it doesn't actually work in an agile way ？ Too much ？ We agree to .

So what can you do ？ First , Team identity , This is always the first step to establish . If your team doesn't see the value of working with this methodology , Then all the processes and ceremonies will not make any progress in the long run .

The second step is to make sure you have a great scrum master And project manager , To ensure that good practices are passed down , And ensure that any objections are accepted .

The third step is to realize ： When agile value and Scrum When the framework has no value , Force it into people's throats , You will soon get nothing . We have introduced this and more in our article , The title is “Scrum isn’t the answer for every IT project”.

SCRUM It can be agile , But it does not guarantee agility . Agility comes from behavior , Not just the process .

10. Continuous security

As we have written many times before , Safety cannot be an afterthought . We can't simply " Leave it for later "." Checking the security issues of the application must be integrated into DevOps In the process , And it has been integrated into the development process itself from day one . Fortunately, , We can use some tools to make this process frictionless . One of them is Snyk. It is a comprehensive tool , Sure " Discover and automatically repair your code 、 Open source dependency 、 Vulnerabilities in containers and infrastructure [...]."

We have to apply security checks in the development cycle . Security is the foundation of trust -- Future currency .

11. Audit the service price of cloud providers

There is little competition among the three major cloud computing providers , The difference between the services they provide is （ More or less ） Any of the . In reality , The only difference we may see is the difference in service prices . That's why , Prejudice against this particular supplier is not necessarily a bad thing . Most of the time , There's really no difference .

Choose what you feel comfortable , And already know the supplier . Evaluate while walking , Don't be afraid to change .

Cloud providers have no virtual competition , No cost arbitrage . The cost of cloud infrastructure is very dependent on inflation and recession .

12. Everything can be " Serve as a service " To do it .

Platform as a service , Infrastructure as a service , Database as a service , Software as a service , Back end as a service ...... We haven't given you any more examples , You should know what we mean . Everything you can think of can be completed by a third party and sold to you .

Using these services is a trade-off . You gave up some control , In order to become more streamlined , Can iterate faster , And save some money in the early stage .

Due to the growing importance of cloud providers and serverless methods , Every software can be completed as a service .

13. Everyone is using Visual Studio Code.

Visual Studio Code It has set off a storm all over the world . Supported by Microsoft , Have an open source license , use TypeScript To write , And allow easy expansion of functions , These are great decisions . up to now , Text editor is the most popular choice among modern programmers . Other options , Based on Intellij Integrated development editor （IDE） or Vim, All in VS Code Under the shadow of , Even though JetBrains’ Fleets May change this situation .

Due to a variety of extension and customization tools ,VS Code Become the most popular among developers IDE.

14. Now ,TensorFlow Widely used .

TensorFlow, Google's machine learning framework is a very popular choice among programmers . First , It's in GitHub Before 20 One of the most popular repositories . then , There are multiple ports . Support JavaScript , These teams are in their, for example . React Native Applications , or web apps in React Or any other JS frame . This provides great flexibility , And allow the team to embed solutions into many solutions .

because TensorFlow, We can realize in network application AI Solution . The training model is provided by the Library . Developers should focus on training them .

15. A good long-term employment strategy is to hire young engineers and train them .

Hiring young engineers is a good long-term strategy . Although there is no one suitable for all companies " Best strategy ", But hiring young engineers and training them is definitely one of the best ways to grow and retain internal talent .

Hiring young people is a good way , You can slowly expand your team over time , And build an internal culture , Compared with hiring people who may have been stereotyped , Easier to shape . Junior high school students can also provide a new perspective , And get more exposure to current trends .

In some cases , It's not ideal , for example , When your company needs to expand and develop new functions quickly . If you have a small internal team , Due to unrealistic development expectations , They always try to catch up with their backlog , This is not the best .

The strategy of hiring young engineers to train them is not without pitfalls . Junior employees in your team have not been reviewed by previous companies , They have no work experience , And it's probably a hit . The unfortunate reality is , Although this strategy can be very good under the appropriate compensation scheme , But junior employees may find their place , They just need to move the company , Instead of waiting or pushing for a promotion or raise , You can double your salary 、 Three or even four times .

This is why there should be a transparent salary and salary table , Show people the direction and way of their career development . That's why it's also important to have an excellent induction program , To ensure that the time spent on training younger generations is well utilized , And benefit both instructors and students .

According to many studies , For software developers , A good long-term employment practice is to hire inexperienced engineers , And train them , Let them know the way of organization .

That's it .2022 The most influential 15 A trend . in your view , Which is the most influential ？ Did we miss anything ？​