Selenium element positioning method

Take the input box of Baidu interface as an example ：

1、 By element id Attribute for element positioning , stay html Of the elements of id Is the only one. .

Location method ：find_element_by_id(id)

2、 By element name Attribute for element positioning , stay html Of the elements of name It's not the only one , It can be repeated . If there are multiple identical attributes , Then the default location is the first .

Location method ：find_element_by_name(name)

3. By element class Attribute for element positioning , stay html Of the elements of class It's not the only one , It can be repeated . If there are multiple identical attributes , Then the default location is the first .

Location method ：find_element_by_class_name(class_name)------- Be careful , It can only be used here class One of the attribute values .

Look inside class There are two property values , Separated by spaces , We use Only one attribute value can be used when .

4. adopt tag_name location

Locate by the label name of the element , On the same page , There will be many label elements of the same kind , Not recommended . If there are multiple identical attributes , Then the default location is the first .（ Because Baidu home page contains many input label , So the following example is only for example ）

Location method ：find_element_by_tag_name(tag_name)

 5. adopt link_text Elements ( Generally used in a label ),link_text The location is hyperlinked All Text content , So the matching condition is absolute .

Location method ：find_element_by_text_link

6. adopt partial_link_text To locate ,partial_link_text by link_text A supplement to ,partial_link_text The location is hyperlinked Local Text content , So if the matching condition is partial matching, the condition is satisfied .

Location method ：find_element_by_partial_link_text

 

 7. Locate a set of elements , A list will be returned . Then use the element through the subscript of the list , The subscript is from 0 Start calculated .

Location method ：find_elements_by_id(id)、find_elements_by_name(name)、find_elements_by_tag_name(tag_name) etc. , In fact, there is one more S.

For example, the following , Through the first input Tag enter user name , Through the second input Tag enter password .

8. Locate by path ,xpath location ( The full path 、 Locate according to attribute value 、 Logic and attribute value positioning 、 Label type and attribute value positioning )

Location method ：find_element_by_xpath(xpath)

 9.xpath An extension of

Location method :

//*[text()='value']： Locate according to the whole content of the text ----value Specify the entire text content of the bit element .

//*[contains(@attribute,'value')]： Locate according to part of the attribute value ----attribute Is the name of the property ,value Is the value of the property .

​​​​​​​

//*[starts-with(@attribute,'value')]： Locate according to the beginning of the attribute value ----attribute Is the name of the property ,value Is the value of the property .

  Be careful ：

If you pass xpath When positioning , Use class When positioning , If class Property has multiple values , Then the attribute value needs to write all the attribute value contents . for example ：

 

 10、CSS location ,CSS Positioning is better than xpath Fast positioning ,css Selector syntax is very powerful .

CSS Positioning strategy , Common selectors ：

1）id Selectors

expression ：#id----# The table looks through the elements id Attribute for element selection ,id What we see is id Property value of property

 

2）class Selectors

expression ：.class----.( spot ) The table looks through the elements class Attribute to select elements ,class Express class Attribute One Property value

 

3） Element selector

expression ：tag_name , Is to select elements by their tag names , Because labels are generally not unique , So I don't recommend .

4) Attribute selector

expression ：[attribute='value']---- Select elements by their attributes ,attribute Represents the property name ,value Represents the property value .

 

Be careful ： If you use class attribute , that class You need to fill in all the values  

5） Hierarchy selector

Select according to the parent-child relationship of the element

The way 1：element1>element2---- adopt element1 To locate element2, also ,element2 Must be element1 The direct child element of .

 

  The way 2：element1 element2---- adopt element1 To locate element2,element2 Must be element1 The offspring element of , It can not be a direct child element

 6）css Expand

input[type^='value']-----input Indicates label name ,type Represents the property name ,^ Beginning of expression ,value Represents the matching content . For example, the content to be matched is P, That means type Attribute to p Elements beginning with letters .

 input[type$='value']----input Indicates label name ,type Represents the property name ,$ End of expression ,value Represents the matching content . For example, the content to be matched is d, So that is type Attribute to d Letter ending elements .

  input[type*='value']----input Indicates label name ,type Represents the property name ,* Means to contain ,value Represents the matching content . For example, the content to be matched is w, So that is type Property contains w The elements of letters .

 

  Another way to write positioning elements ： By importing By Class to call .

driver.find_element_by_id("username").send_keys("admin")

Equate to ：driver.find_element(By.ID, 'username').send_keys('admin')

 By Class , You can press and hold ctrl Key to jump to the source code view By Class , for example ：

Hold down ctrl Key click find_element_by_id, Then jump to the source code ：  You can view the usage in the source code .