Web Service (04) -- Introduction and construction of lamp +discuz Forum

LAMP Introduction and construction of +DISCUZ Forum

Preface

WEB The server is also known as WWW(WORLD WIDE WEB web ) The server , The main function is to provide online information browsing services . And common web The server has ：httpd（apache）、nginx+PHPtomcat、jsp+html 、win：IIS.

And one of LAMP Of Apache（HTTPD） class LINUX System ——Linux+Apache+Mysql/MariaDB+Perl/PHP/Python A set of open source software commonly used to build dynamic websites or servers , They are independent procedures , But because it's often used together , Higher and higher compatibility , Together, a powerful Web Application platform .

With the vigorous development of open source trend , Open source Of LAMP Already with J2EE and .net Commercial software has formed a tripartite trend , And the software development project is on the software side The investment cost is low , So suffer the whole IT The attention of the world . From the traffic of the website ,50% The above traffic yes LAMP To provide ,LAMP Is the most powerful website solution .

One 、LAMP An introduction to the

LAMP Architecture is one of the mature enterprise website application modes , It refers to a whole system and related software working together , Can provide dynamic web Site service and its application development environment .LAMP It's an abbreviation , Specific include Linux operating system ,Apache Web server ,MySQL database server ,PHP（ or perl,Python） Web programming language .

In the build LAMP Platform time , The installation sequence of each component is Linux,Apache,MySQL,PHP, among Apache and MySQL There is no strict sequence requirement for the installation of , and PHP The installation of the environment is usually at the end of the day , Responsible for communication web Servers and database systems to work together .

The main functions of each component are ：

( platform )Linux： As LAMP The foundation of Architecture , Provide for support Web The operating system of the site , Can provide better stability with the other three components , Compatibility (AMP Components also support Windows、UNIX Such as platform ) .

( The front desk )Apache： As LAMP The front end of the architecture , It's a powerful , Stable Web Server program , The server provides website access directly to users , Send web page , Pictures, etc . The main function ： Static page —— Send static request ; Forward dynamic requests .

( backstage )MySQL： As LAMP The back end of the architecture , Is a popular open source relational database system . On the corporate website 、 Business systems and other applications , All kinds of account information 、 Product information , Customer information 、 Business data can be stored in MySQL database , Other programs can be done through SQL Statement to query , Change this information . database —— data storage / Read .

( The middle link )PHP/Perl/Python： As three programming languages for developing dynamic web pages , Responsible for interpreting dynamic web files , Responsible for communication Web Servers and database systems to work together , And provide Web Application development and running environment . among PHP Is a widely used open source multi-purpose scripting language , It can be embedded in HTML in , Especially suitable for Web application development . Dynamic pages —— Dynamic request .

When setting up services, we prefer to compile and install manually , Its advantages are ：1. With a large degree of freedom , Features can be customized .2. Timely access to the latest software version 3. Generally applicable to most Linux edition , Easy to use all the time .

LAMP The working process of architecture ：

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1. When the client requests static resources ,web The server will return the static resources directly to the client .

2. When the client requests a dynamic resource ,http Of php The module performs the corresponding dynamic resource operation , If this process also needs the data of the database as the operation parameters ,php Will link mysql Take the data and do the operation , The result of the operation is that the static resources have web The server returns to the client .

Two 、Apache service

Apache HTTPD Server abbreviation Apache, yes Apache An open source web server of the software foundation , It can run on most computer operating systems , Because of its multi platform and security is widely used , It's the most popular Web One of the server-side software .

It's fast 、 Reliable and accessible through simple API Expand , take Perl/Python Wait for the interpreter to compile Translate to the server ！Apache HTTP The server is a modular server , Each function uses modularization to plug and unplug ！ At present, we support Windows,Linux,Unix Such as platform .

Apache Software foundation （ That is to say Apache Software Foundation, Referred to as ASF）, It's dedicated to running an open source software project Apache Groups that provide support to non-profit organizations , This open source software project is Apache project . So our HTTPD Also only Apache One of the open source projects .

Major open source projects ：HTTP Server,Ant,DB,iBATIS,Jakarta,Logging,Maven,Struts,Tomcat,Tapestry,Hadoop wait . But the most famous is HTTP Server, So what we're talking about now is Apache It's already HTTPD Server It's the code number of ! What we see more is Tomcat,Hadoop Projects such as .

Apache The main features of ：

• Open source 、 Cross platform application 、 Compatibility is good. .

• Support multiple web programming languages 、 Universal gateway interface （cgi）、 Virtual host 、http authentication 、 The server contains commands （ssi）、 Security socket layer 、FastCGI、java servlets.

• Modular design 、 Stable operation 、 Good security .

• Integrate perl、 Integrated proxy server .

The current maximum version of the software is 1.3（ Stable operation 、 Compatibility 、 Lack of new functions ）、2.4（ Multi function ）.

Official website ：http://www.apache.org/httpd：http://httpd.apache.org/

3、 ... and 、LAMP Service setup

Manual compilation and installation LAMP The software packages required for the service are ：

1.apache——apr-1.6.2.tar.gz、apr-util-1.6.0.tar.gz、httpd-2.4.29.tar.bz2

2.MYSQL——mysql-5.7.17.tar.gz、boost_1_59_0.tar.gz

3.PHP——php-7.1.24.tar.gz

1. Compilation and installation apache service

tar zxf apr-1.6.2.tar.gz  # decompression apr Compressed package 
tar zxf apr-util-1.6.0.tar.gz  # decompression apr-util Compressed package 
tar jxf httpd-2.4.29.tar.bz2  ## decompression httpd Compressed package 
mv apr-1.6.2 httpd-2.4.29/srclib/apr  # take apr Put the catalog in httpd Of srclib Under the table of contents 
mv apr-util-1.6.0 httpd-2.4.29/srclib/apr-util   # take apr-util Put the catalog in httpd Of srclib Under the table of contents 
# Environment required for installation 
yum -y install \
gcc \	#C Compiler of language 
gcc-c++ \	#C++ The compiler 
make \	# Source code compiler （ Convert source code to binary file ）
pcre \	#pcre It's a Perl function library , Include perl  Compatible regular expression library 
pcre-devel \	#perl Interface development package for 
expat-devel \	# Used to support website parsing HTML、XML file 
perl	#perl Language compiler 

# Optimize the configuration file path , And put httpd The executable program file of the service is put into the directory of the path environment variable to facilitate system identification 
ln -s /usr/local/httpd/conf/httpd.conf /etc/
ln -s /usr/local/httpd/bin/* /usr/local/bin/# stay httpd Compile and install in the directory of 
./configure \	# The script will run some tests to guess some system related variables and detect the special settings of your operating system , And finally create some files in the production tree to record what it finds 
--prefix=/usr/local/httpd \		# Appoint  httpd  The installation path of the service program 
--enable-so \	# Enable dynamic load core module support , send  httpd  With the ability to further expand functions 
--enable-rewrite \	# Enable Web address rewriting , For website optimization 、 Security chain and directory migration maintenance 
--enable-charset-lite \		# Start character set support , To support pages encoded with various character sets 
--enable-cgi	# Enable CGI（ Universal gateway interface ） Scripting support , It is convenient for the external expansion of the website and the application access ability 
make && make install	# Compile and install 
# Optimize the configuration file path , And put httpd The executable program file of the service is put into the directory of the path environment variable to facilitate system identification 
ln -s /usr/local/httpd/conf/httpd.conf /etc/
ln -s /usr/local/httpd/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
cp /usr/local/httpd/bin/apachectl /etc/init.d/httpd	# Easy service management 
vim /etc/init.d/httpd	# Edit the auto start httpd Service document 

chkconfig --add httpd	# take httpd Add to system manager 
vim /usr/local/httpd/conf/httpd.conf	# edit httpd Master profile 

2. Compilation and installation MYSQL service

tar zxvf mysql-5.7.17.tar.gz -C /opt 			# decompression mysql Compressed package 
tar zxvf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ 	# decompression boost Compressed package 
mv /usr/local/boost_1_59_0 /usr/local/boost
# Environment required for installation 
yum -y install \
gcc \
gcc-c++ \
ncurses \ 										# Dynamic library of graphic interaction function under character terminal 
ncurses-devel \	 								#ncurses Development kit 
bison \	 										# parsers 
cmake 											#mysql Need to use cmake Compilation and installation 
# stay mysql Directory 
cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \		# Appoint mysql Installation path for 
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \ # Appoint mysql The process listens to socket files （ Database connection file ） Storage path for 
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \                             # Specify the storage path of the configuration file 
-DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \            # Specifies the storage path of the process file 
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8  \                       # Specifies the default character set encoding , Such as  utf8
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \			# Specifies the character set collation rules to be used by default 
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \						# Specify support for other character set encoding 
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \              # install INNOBASE Storage engine 
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \               # install ARCHIVE Storage engine  
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \             # install BLACKHOLE Storage engine  
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \            # install FEDERATED Storage engine  
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \         # Specify the storage path of the database file 
-DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost \ 				# Appoint boost The path of , If you use mysql-boost Integration package installation is -DWITH_BOOST=boost
-DWITH_SYSTEMD=1								# Generation facilitates systemctl Administrative document 
# Be careful ： If in CMAKE There are errors in the process of , When the error is resolved , Need to put the source directory of CMakeCache.txt File deletion , And then... Again CMAKE, Otherwise, the mistake remains .
make && make install							# Compilation and installation 

Storage engine options :

MYISAM,MERGE,MEMORY and cSv The engine is compiled to the server by default , There is no need to explicitly install . Statically compile a storage engine to the server , Use -DWITH engine STORAGE ENGINE= 1

The available storage engine values are ：ARCHIVE,BLACKHOLE,EXAMPLE,FBDERATBD,IMNOBASB(InnoDB),PARTTTON(partitioning support), and PERFSCHEMA(Performance schema)

useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql			# Create common user management mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf			# Change management master / Group 
vim /etc/my.cnf							# Modify the configuration file 

In the last line sql_mode Common values are as follows :

NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION： If the required storage engine is disabled or not compiled , Then throw an error . When this value is not set , Replace... With the default storage engine , And throw an exception .

STRICT_TRANS_TABLES： In this mode , If a value cannot be inserted into a transaction table , Then interrupt the current operation , No restrictions on non transaction tables .

NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER： prohibit GRANT Create a user with a blank password .

NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO：mysql The self growing columns in can be derived from O Start . By default, self growing columns are generated from 1 At the beginning , If you insert a value of 0 The data will report an error .

NO_ZERO_IN_DATE： Zero days and months are not allowed .

NO_ZERO_DATE：mysql Database is not allowed to insert zero date , Inserting a zero date throws an error instead of a warning .

ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO： stay INSERT or UPDATE In the process , If the data is divided by zero , It's a mistake, not a warning . By default, when data is divided by zero MysQL return NULL.

PIPES_As_CONCAT： take "||" Treat as the concatenation operator of a string, not as the or operator , This sum Oracle The database is the same , And string concatenation function Concat Similar .

ANSI_QUOTES： Enable ANSI_QUOTES after , You can't use double quotes to refer to strings , Because it's interpreted as an identifier .

# Set the environment variable , Affirming / Declare mysql The command is easy for the system to recognize 
echo "PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
# Initialize database 
cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
./mysqld \
--initialize-insecure \				# Generate initialization password is empty 
--user=mysql \                      # Specify the administrative user 
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \        # Specify the installation directory of the database 
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data		# Specify the storage path of the database file 
cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
systemctl daemon-reload         # Refresh recognition  
systemctl start mysqld.service  # Opening service 
systemctl enable mysqld         # Boot up 
netstat -napt | grep 3306       # Check the port 
# to root Account setup password 
mysqladmin -u root -p password "123456" 

3. Compilation and installation PHP service

tar zxvf php-7.1.24.tar.gz						# decompression php Compressed package 
# install GD Kuhe GD Library correlator , Used to process and generate images 
yum -y install \
gd \
libjpeg libjpeg-devel \
libpng libpng-devel \
freetype freetype-devel \
libxml2 libxml2-devel \
zlib zlib-devel \
curl curl-devel \
openssl openssl-devel
# To php Directory 
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/php7 \						# Specify the  PHP  The installation path of the program 
--with-apxs2=/usr/local/httpd/bin/apxs \		# Appoint Apache httpd service-provided apxs  The file location of the module support program 
--with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \	# Appoint mysql  The storage path of the database connection file 
--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php7			# Set up  PHP  Configuration file for  php.ini  Where will it be stored 
--with-mysqli \									# add to  MySQL  Extended support  #mysqli Extension technology can not only call MySQL Stored procedure 、 Handle MySQL Business , It can also make the work of accessing database more stable 
--with-zlib \									# Support zlib function , Provides data compression 
--with-curl \									# Turn on curl Extend the functionality , Realization HTTP Of Get To download and Post Requested method 
--with-gd \										# Activate gd  Library support 
--with-jpeg-dir \								# Activate jpeg  Support for 
--with-png-dir \								# Activate png  Support for 
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-openssl \
--enable-mbstring \								# Enable multi byte string function , In order to support Chinese and other codes 
--enable-xml \									# Open the extensible markup language module 
--enable-session \								# conversation 
--enable-ftp \									# Text transfer protocol 
--enable-pdo \									# function library 
--enable-tokenizer \							# Token interpreter 
--enable-zip									#ZIP Compressed format 
make && make install							# Compilation and installation 
# Copy template file , And make changes 
cp /opt/php-7.1.24/php.ini-development /usr/local/php7/php.ini
vim /usr/local/php7/php.ini

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# Optimize PHP  The executable program file of is put into the directory of path environment variable to facilitate system identification 
ln -s /usr/local/php7/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
# modify Apache Configuration files let Apache Support PHP
vim /etc/httpd.conf 

This is what we can test on the web index.php page ：

Be careful ： install httpd We need a clean environment when serving , Otherwise I can't recognize php Web page file , Install... In compilation php Warning will appear when , for example ：

At this time we need to pass yum remove The command will change the previous httpd Service to delete , And in httpd Through the directory make clean Command clear cache , Compile and install again apache that will do .

Four 、 build DISCUZ Forum

build bbs The purpose of the forum is to complete a simple LAMP framework , Mainly through sql Statement to complete ：

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At this time, our forum has basically been set up , You can verify the installation in the web page ：

But at this time, the directory file does not exist , Can't go on to the next step ：

At this time, we need to go back to Linux Modify the owner of the forum directory in the system ：

At this point, we proceed to the next step to continue the installation ：

summary

LAMP What is architecture ？ Take restaurants for example ：

(1) Apache It's like a hotel front desk , Specifically used to accept customer requests , And do some static page processing ( Buy only drinks ).

(2) PHP Like a waiter , It is specially used to parse and handle what cannot be handled by the front desk ” Order ”, If the user wants to eat a bowl of spaghetti , The waiter needs to communicate with the kitchen , And make corresponding arrangements . Then return the processed result to the foreground , The front desk will give it to the user , Because the waiter is so ugly , No one can see .

(3) MySQL It looks like a kitchen , It is specially used for storing food materials , And only the middle waiter can communicate with the kitchen , To get what ingredients .

The professional explanation is as follows

(1) Client sends request connection web Server's 80 port , from Apache Respond to and process the user's static requests .

(2) If the client requests dynamic resources , from Apache Load calls libphpX.so modular ( install php Program bring ) Do parsing .

(3) If the processing needs to communicate with the background database , So by the php Program to complete .

(4) Php The program returns the processed results to Apache, from Apache Return to the client .

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