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RHCSA 08 - automount配置
2022-07-04 03:51:00 【王万林 Ben】
前言
目录按需挂载，空闲时自动卸载，可以采用automount技术。尤其是在大型HPC环境，成千上万的用户家目录，使用automount降低seek time，提高dentry缓存命中率，可大大节省内存资源。
环境
RHEL 8
实践
安装nfs-utils，它提供nfs server，
[[email protected] ~]# dnf install -y nfs-utils
Rocky Linux 8 - AppStream 14 kB/s | 4.8 kB 00:00
Rocky Linux 8 - AppStream 20 MB/s | 8.8 MB 00:00
Rocky Linux 8 - BaseOS 17 kB/s | 4.3 kB 00:00
Rocky Linux 8 - BaseOS 8.7 MB/s | 3.6 MB 00:00
Rocky Linux 8 - Extras 14 kB/s | 3.5 kB 00:00
Rocky Linux 8 - Extras 39 kB/s | 11 kB 00:00
Dependencies resolved.
====================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
====================================================================================================================
Installing:
nfs-utils x86_64 1:2.3.3-51.el8 baseos 503 k
Installing dependencies:
gssproxy x86_64 0.8.0-20.el8 baseos 118 k
keyutils x86_64 1.5.10-9.el8 baseos 65 k
libverto-libevent x86_64 0.3.0-5.el8 baseos 15 k
python3-pyyaml x86_64 3.12-12.el8 baseos 192 k
quota x86_64 1:4.04-14.el8 baseos 213 k
quota-nls noarch 1:4.04-14.el8 baseos 94 k
rpcbind x86_64 1.2.5-8.el8 baseos 69 k
Transaction Summary
====================================================================================================================
Install 8 Packages
Total download size: 1.2 M
Installed size: 3.8 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/8): libverto-libevent-0.3.0-5.el8.x86_64.rpm 333 kB/s | 15 kB 00:00
(2/8): gssproxy-0.8.0-20.el8.x86_64.rpm 2.3 MB/s | 118 kB 00:00
(3/8): keyutils-1.5.10-9.el8.x86_64.rpm 1.2 MB/s | 65 kB 00:00
(4/8): python3-pyyaml-3.12-12.el8.x86_64.rpm 16 MB/s | 192 kB 00:00
(5/8): nfs-utils-2.3.3-51.el8.x86_64.rpm 23 MB/s | 503 kB 00:00
(6/8): quota-nls-4.04-14.el8.noarch.rpm 10 MB/s | 94 kB 00:00
(7/8): rpcbind-1.2.5-8.el8.x86_64.rpm 11 MB/s | 69 kB 00:00
(8/8): quota-4.04-14.el8.x86_64.rpm 10 MB/s | 213 kB 00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 4.5 MB/s | 1.2 MB 00:00
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Running scriptlet: rpcbind-1.2.5-8.el8.x86_64 1/8
Installing : rpcbind-1.2.5-8.el8.x86_64 1/8
Running scriptlet: rpcbind-1.2.5-8.el8.x86_64 1/8
Installing : quota-nls-1:4.04-14.el8.noarch 2/8
Installing : quota-1:4.04-14.el8.x86_64 3/8
Installing : python3-pyyaml-3.12-12.el8.x86_64 4/8
Installing : libverto-libevent-0.3.0-5.el8.x86_64 5/8
Installing : gssproxy-0.8.0-20.el8.x86_64 6/8
Running scriptlet: gssproxy-0.8.0-20.el8.x86_64 6/8
Installing : keyutils-1.5.10-9.el8.x86_64 7/8
Running scriptlet: nfs-utils-1:2.3.3-51.el8.x86_64 8/8
Installing : nfs-utils-1:2.3.3-51.el8.x86_64 8/8
Running scriptlet: nfs-utils-1:2.3.3-51.el8.x86_64 8/8
Verifying : gssproxy-0.8.0-20.el8.x86_64 1/8
Verifying : keyutils-1.5.10-9.el8.x86_64 2/8
Verifying : libverto-libevent-0.3.0-5.el8.x86_64 3/8
Verifying : nfs-utils-1:2.3.3-51.el8.x86_64 4/8
Verifying : python3-pyyaml-3.12-12.el8.x86_64 5/8
Verifying : quota-1:4.04-14.el8.x86_64 6/8
Verifying : quota-nls-1:4.04-14.el8.noarch 7/8
Verifying : rpcbind-1.2.5-8.el8.x86_64 8/8
Installed:
gssproxy-0.8.0-20.el8.x86_64 keyutils-1.5.10-9.el8.x86_64 libverto-libevent-0.3.0-5.el8.x86_64
nfs-utils-1:2.3.3-51.el8.x86_64 python3-pyyaml-3.12-12.el8.x86_64 quota-1:4.04-14.el8.x86_64
quota-nls-1:4.04-14.el8.noarch rpcbind-1.2.5-8.el8.x86_64
Complete!创建目录并导出，启动nfs server，
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /users/nfs/{lisa,linda,anna}
[[email protected] ~]# echo "/users *(rw,no_root_squash)" > /etc/exports
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl enable --now nfs-server
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nfs-server.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-server.service.
[[email protected] ~]# showmount -e localhost
Export list for localhost:
/users *在客户端，安装autofs，
[[email protected] ~]# dnf install -y autofs
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:19 ago on Sat 02 Jul 2022 07:14:43 AM CEST.
Dependencies resolved.
====================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
====================================================================================================================
Installing:
autofs x86_64 1:5.1.4-82.el8 baseos 706 k
Transaction Summary
====================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 706 k
Installed size: 2.8 M
Downloading Packages:
autofs-5.1.4-82.el8.x86_64.rpm 9.6 MB/s | 706 kB 00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 2.6 MB/s | 706 kB 00:00
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : autofs-1:5.1.4-82.el8.x86_64 1/1
Running scriptlet: autofs-1:5.1.4-82.el8.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : autofs-1:5.1.4-82.el8.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
autofs-1:5.1.4-82.el8.x86_64
Complete!参考/misc配置项，对家目录进行配置，并启动autofs服务，
[[email protected] ~]# grep '^/misc' /etc/auto.master
/misc /etc/auto.misc
[[email protected] ~]# echo "/home/nfs /etc/auto.nfs" >> /etc/auto.master
[[email protected] ~]# grep -i linux /etc/auto.misc
#linux -ro,soft ftp.example.org:/pub/linux
[[email protected] ~]# echo "* -rw localhost:/users/nfs/&" > /etc/auto.nfs
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl enable --now autofs
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/autofs.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/autofs.service.
检查/home/nfs目录，没有任何文件（夹），
[[email protected] ~]# ls -al /home/nfs
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 0 Jul 2 07:15 .
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 31 Jul 2 07:15 ..触发一下其中一个子目录，可以看到挂载上了，
[[email protected] ~]# cd /home/nfs/linda
[[email protected] linda]# pwd
/home/nfs/linda
[[email protected] linda]# mount | tail -5
nfsd on /proc/fs/nfsd type nfsd (rw,relatime)
/etc/auto.misc on /misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=5,pgrp=10818,timeout=300,minproto=5,maxproto=5,indirect,pipe_ino=41624)
-hosts on /net type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=11,pgrp=10818,timeout=300,minproto=5,maxproto=5,indirect,pipe_ino=41636)
/etc/auto.nfs on /home/nfs type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=17,pgrp=10818,timeout=300,minproto=5,maxproto=5,indirect,pipe_ino=41640)
/dev/mapper/rl-root on /home/nfs/linda type xfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,attr2,inode64,logbufs=8,logbsize=32k,noquota)
后记
在大型HPC环境，一般在LDAP里配置好不同location的AUTOMOUNT，实现统一配置。
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