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以房抵债能否排除强制执行
2022-07-04 12:48:00 【zy5826261】
对于“以物抵债”所签订的房屋买卖合同既要考量所抵债务是否具有优先属性,更要考量该民事法律行为的真实意思表示。一般而言,房屋买卖合同作为“以物抵债”实现方式,双方的真实意思表示在于以房屋这一标的物的转让作为旧债清偿的方式,不同于实质意义上的房屋买卖。在房屋过户之前,买卖合同所产生的新债并未消灭,致新债旧债并存,故买受人对抗买卖合同之外的申请执行人权利不应超出旧债的效力范围。
《最高人民法院关于人民法院办理执行异议和复议案件若干问题的规定》第二十八条所保护的是无过错不动产买受人的物权期待权,其中条件之一是“已支付全部价款,或者已按照合同约定支付部分价款且将剩余价款按照人民法院的要求交付执行”,且该条件的举证责任由买受人承担。
通过“以物抵债”方式取得的房屋期待权一般不能阻止执行。执行异议之诉的关键实体问题在于比较执行标的物上存在的不同类型权利的效力顺位。普通买受人的物权期待权虽被赋予“物权”名义,但毕竟不是既得物权,其本质上仍是债权请求权。对于“以物抵债”所签订的房屋买卖合同既要考量所抵债务是否具有优先属性,更要考量该民事法律行为的真实意思表示。一般而言,房屋买卖合同作为“以物抵债”实现方式,双方的真实意思表示在于以房屋这一标的物的转让作为旧债清偿的方式,不同于实质意义上的房屋买卖。在房屋过户之前,买卖合同所产生的新债并未消灭,致新债旧债并存,故买受人对抗买卖合同之外的申请执行人权利不应超出旧债的效力范围。
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