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〖Kubernetes指南④〗Pod快速入门

2022-06-12 23:05:00 【步尔斯特】

Pod快速入门

Pod是kubernetes集群进行管理的最小单元，程序要运行必须部署在容器中，而容器必须存在于Pod中。

Pod可以认为是容器的封装，一个Pod中可以存在一个或者多个容器。

在这里插入图片描述

kubernetes在集群启动之后，集群中的各个组件也都是以Pod方式运行的。可以通过下面命令查看：

[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get pod -n kube-system
NAMESPACE     NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system   coredns-6955765f44-68g6v         1/1     Running   0          2d1h
kube-system   coredns-6955765f44-cs5r8         1/1     Running   0          2d1h
kube-system   etcd-master                      1/1     Running   0          2d1h
kube-system   kube-apiserver-master            1/1     Running   0          2d1h
kube-system   kube-controller-manager-master   1/1     Running   0          2d1h
kube-system   kube-flannel-ds-amd64-47r25      1/1     Running   0          2d1h
kube-system   kube-flannel-ds-amd64-ls5lh      1/1     Running   0          2d1h
kube-system   kube-proxy-685tk                 1/1     Running   0          2d1h
kube-system   kube-proxy-87spt                 1/1     Running   0          2d1h
kube-system   kube-scheduler-master            1/1     Running   0          2d1h

创建并运行

kubernetes没有提供单独运行Pod的命令，都是通过Pod控制器来实现的

# 命令格式： kubectl run (pod控制器名称) [参数]
# --image 指定Pod的镜像
# --port 指定端口
# --namespace 指定namespace
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl run nginx --image=nginx:latest --port=80 --namespace dev 
deployment.apps/nginx created

查看pod信息

# 查看Pod基本信息
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get pods -n dev
NAME    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx   1/1     Running   0          43s

# 查看Pod的详细信息
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl describe pod nginx -n dev
Name:         nginx
Namespace:    dev
Priority:     0
Node:         node1/192.168.5.4
Start Time:   Wed, 08 May 2021 09:29:24 +0800
Labels:       pod-template-hash=5ff7956ff6
              run=nginx
Annotations:  <none>
Status:       Running
IP:           10.244.1.23
IPs:
  IP:           10.244.1.23
Controlled By:  ReplicaSet/nginx
Containers:
  nginx:
    Container ID:   docker://4c62b8c0648d2512380f4ffa5da2c99d16e05634979973449c98e9b829f6253c
    Image:          nginx:latest
    Image ID:       docker-pullable://[email protected]:485b610fefec7ff6c463ced9623314a04ed67e3945b9c08d7e53a47f6d108dc7
    Port:           80/TCP
    Host Port:      0/TCP
    State:          Running
      Started:      Wed, 08 May 2021 09:30:01 +0800
    Ready:          True
    Restart Count:  0
    Environment:    <none>
    Mounts:
      /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from default-token-hwvvw (ro)
Conditions:
  Type              Status
  Initialized       True
  Ready             True
  ContainersReady   True
  PodScheduled      True
Volumes:
  default-token-hwvvw:
    Type:        Secret (a volume populated by a Secret)
    SecretName:  default-token-hwvvw
    Optional:    false
QoS Class:       BestEffort
Node-Selectors:  <none>
Tolerations:     node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute for 300s
                 node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute for 300s
Events:
  Type    Reason     Age        From               Message
  ----    ------     ----       ----               -------
  Normal  Scheduled  <unknown>  default-scheduler  Successfully assigned dev/nginx-5ff7956ff6-fg2db to node1
  Normal  Pulling    4m11s      kubelet, node1     Pulling image "nginx:latest"
  Normal  Pulled     3m36s      kubelet, node1     Successfully pulled image "nginx:latest"
  Normal  Created    3m36s      kubelet, node1     Created container nginx
  Normal  Started    3m36s      kubelet, node1     Started container nginx

访问Pod

# 获取podIP
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get pods -n dev -o wide
NAME    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE    IP             NODE    ... 
nginx   1/1     Running   0          190s   10.244.1.23   node1   ...

#访问POD
[[email protected] ~]# curl http://10.244.1.23:80
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
	<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
</head>
<body>
	<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

删除指定Pod

# 删除指定Pod
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl delete pod nginx -n dev
pod "nginx" deleted

# 此时，显示删除Pod成功，但是再查询，发现又新产生了一个 
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get pods -n dev
NAME    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx   1/1     Running   0          21s

# 这是因为当前Pod是由Pod控制器创建的，控制器会监控Pod状况，一旦发现Pod死亡，会立即重建
# 此时要想删除Pod，必须删除Pod控制器

# 先来查询一下当前namespace下的Pod控制器
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get deploy -n dev
NAME    READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
nginx   1/1     1            1           9m7s

# 接下来，删除此PodPod控制器
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl delete deploy nginx -n dev
deployment.apps "nginx" deleted

# 稍等片刻，再查询Pod，发现Pod被删除了
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get pods -n dev
No resources found in dev namespace.

配置操作

创建一个pod-nginx.yaml，内容如下：

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: nginx
  namespace: dev
spec:
  containers:
  - image: nginx:latest
    name: pod
    ports:
    - name: nginx-port
      containerPort: 80
      protocol: TCP