[today in history] July 19: the father of IMAP agreement was born; Project kotlin made a public appearance; New breakthroughs in CT imaging

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It's today 2022 year 7 month 19 Japan , stay 2010 Years of today , Amazon released a press release , Mention what it sells now Kindle There are more books than hardcover . Amazon's Lab126 Developed Kindle Hardware platform , There was only one device at first , Now it has developed into a series , Most use E Ink 16 gray electronic paper display technology , It can provide a paper like reading experience with minimal power consumption .Kindle Achieve great success in the market , It has also greatly promoted e-reader products . Review the history of science and Technology ,7 month 19 What other key events have happened on this day ？

1956 year 7 month 19 Japan ：IMAP The father of the agreement Mark Crispin born

Picture source ： Wikipedia

mark · reed · Crispin （ Mark Reed Crispin） Born in 1956 year 7 month 19 Japan , It is called Internet Message Access Protocol （IMAP） The father of , On 1985 Invented in Stanford Knowledge Systems Laboratory IMAP. He is numerous RFC Author or coauthor of , And is UW IMAP Main authors of ; He also designed MIX Mail storage format . Chris Pingyu 1977 Received a bachelor's degree in technology and society from Stevens Institute of Technology . After graduation, , He became a systems programmer at Stanford University , by WAITS The operating system developed the first production PDP-10 32 Bit address ARPANET network control program （NCP）, And wrote or rewritten most WAITS ARPANET protocol suite .

In the meantime , Crispin wrote the infamous on April Fool's day RFC 748, The only one in the world is RFC Documents clearly marked with the date of issue in the index ; At that time, the first application was proposed to Telnet Server send “IAC DONT RANDOMLY-LOSE” In this way, the server is prohibited from randomly discarding data . And this , Also become later RFC The most critical part of April Fool's joke . Not long after , Crispin became interested in email software and systems , He became. TOPS-20 The main developer of mail system , As report goes ,2009 In, he was still running in his residence TOPS-20 System .

from 1988 From the year onwards , He became a software engineer at the University of Washington , And work all the way to 2008 year , Development and promotion were completed there IMAP And later UW IMAP Most of the work . He was in 2008 year 5 Months will UW IMAP Bifurcate into Panda IMAP. In the meantime , Chris Pingyu 1992 year 3 A simple and portable Unix E-mail program Pine, And in 2005 In, I wrote again RFC 4042.2012 year 11 month 19 Japan , Chris suffered from terminal illness and received hospice care , In the end to 2012 year 12 month 28 The day of death .2013 year 4 month , Crispin was posthumously awarded the outstanding Technology Alumni award by his alma mater Stevens Institute of Technology .

source ： Wikipedia

1983 year 7 month 19 Japan ： The world's first three-dimensional reconstruction of human head computed tomography （CT）

Picture source ： Wikipedia

1983 year 7 month 19 Japan , Of the marlin crott Institute of radiology in St. Louis Michael W. Vannier And his colleagues J. Marsh as well as McDonnell From the aircraft company J. Warren, Jointly published the first single computed tomography of human brain （CT） Three dimensional reconstruction of slices . Using computer-aided aircraft design technology makes skull imaging possible . And since then ,CT Imaging has gradually become the cornerstone of the medical profession .

CT, Full name Computed Tomography, Computed tomography , It uses precise collimation X Wire harness 、γ ray 、 Ultrasound, etc , Together with a highly sensitive detector, it makes cross-sectional scanning around a certain part of the human body one by one , Fast scanning time , Clear image and other characteristics , It can be used for the examination of many diseases ; According to the different rays used, it can be divided into ：X ray CT（X-CT） as well as γ ray CT（γ-CT) etc. . since X After the ray is found , It has been used in medicine to detect human diseases . however , Because some organs in the human body are right X The absorption difference of lines is very small , therefore X X-ray is difficult to detect the lesions of those overlapping tissues . therefore , Scientists in the United States and Britain began to look for a new thing to make up for X The deficiency of X-ray technology in examining human diseases .

source ： Wikipedia

2011 year 7 month 19 Japan ：Project Kotlin Make a public appearance

Picture source ： Wikipedia

Kotlin It's a kind of Java Static type programming language running on virtual machine , Can be compiled into JavaScript Source code .Kotlin suffer Java、C#、JavaScript、Scala、Groovy And so on , Be dedicated to Android Developed next generation programming language .Kotlin from JetBrains Leading development , dmitry · Jim Murray is a product manager and core developer .JetBrains Was founded in 2000 year , Is a Czech software development company . The company's products that programmers are familiar with are Java Integrated development environment IntelliJ IDEA.

2011 year 7 month 19 Japan ,JetBrains For the first time Kotlin project , It had been developed for a year .JetBrains person in charge Dmitry Jemerov say , Most languages don't have the features they're looking for , however Scala With the exception of . however , He pointed out again Scala The obvious drawback is that the compile time of is too slow , therefore Kotlin One of the stated goals of is to look like Java As fast as compiling .2012 year 2 month ,JetBrains With Apache 2 License to open this project .Kotlin v1.0 On 2016 year 2 month 15 Promulgated by the , It is considered to be the first official stable version . stay Google I/O 2017 in ,Google Announce on Android Up for Kotlin Provide the best support .

Kotlin Obviously by Java、C#、JavaScript、Scala、Groovy And so on . for example Kotlin You can go directly through println("Hello, ${name}") or println("Hello, $name") To use string templates , And the old shell script similar . And such as Kotlin The semicolon in is optional , This is similar JavaScript, and Groovy、Scala It has the same function . at present Kotlin The popularity in China is not high . But overseas ,Kotlin The speed of development is overwhelming . According to the statistics ,Google Play Top of the store 1000 Of App in , There are more than 60% Of App Has been used Kotlin Language , And this proportion continues to rise every year .

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