Use ffmpeg command line to push UDP and RTP streams (H264 and TS), and ffplay receives

Hello everyone , I meet you again , I'm your friend, Quan Jun .

We often use UDP or RTP To send and receive streaming media , After developing the program, you need to build an environment for testing , At this time, you may need a streaming terminal or a receiving terminal . For the streaming end , We can use FFmpeg The tool can easily complete this function , You only need to hit a command to realize streaming , And support a variety of network protocols （UDP/RTP/RTSP/RTMP）. At the receiving end, we can use ffplay, This program is also in FFmpeg Toolkit's Bin Inside the directory . You can use these two tools to push or receive according to your needs , Now let's take the transmission protocol UDP、RTP Based on , Introduce the usage of the two tools in several most common streaming scenarios .

1. Use RTP send out H264

FFmpeg Streaming command ：

ffmpeg -re -i d:\videos\1080P.264 -vcodec copy -f rtp rtp://127.0.0.1:1234

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This command line implements reading a H264 file , Send data at the inherent frame rate of the source file （ add -re Parameters ）, The output stream protocol is rtp.

ffplay The command of the receiving end ：

ffplay -protocol_whitelist "file,udp,rtp" -i rtp://127.0.0.1:1234

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Be careful ：ffplay Of RTP The protocol is not enabled by default , Need to add -protocol_whitelist Parameter put RTP The agreement is added to the white list . however , If you execute the above command, you may make an error , because ffplay Use RTP Protocol reception requires a SDP file , This file defines the format information of the input stream and the IP And port number .

We can get FFmpeg Export a SDP, The command line is as follows ：

ffmpeg -re -i d:\videos\1080P.264 -vcodec copy -f rtp rtp://127.0.0.1:1234>test_rtp_h264.sdp

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Here's a SDP Examples of documents ：

SDP:
v=0
o=- 0 0 IN IP4 127.0.0.1
s=No Name
c=IN IP4 127.0.0.1
t=0 0
a=tool:libavformat 56.15.102
m=video 1234 RTP/AVP 96
a=rtpmap:96 H264/90000

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（SDP Information description of the document ： Transfer protocol ：RTP/AVP, The receiver IP：127.0.0.1, Receive port number ：1234 , PayloadType：96 , Video format ：H264 ）

In the above SDP File for input let ffplay Turn on the flow , The command line is ：

ffplay -protocol_whitelist "file,udp,rtp" -i test_rtp_h264.sdp

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2. Use UDP send out TS flow

FFmpeg Streaming command ：

ffmpeg -re -i d:\videos\1080P.264 -vcodec copy -f mpegts udp://127.0.0.1:1234

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ffplay Receive commands for ：

ffplay -protocol_whitelist "file,udp,rtp" -i udp://127.0.0.1:1234

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3. Use RTP send out TS flow

Many people think this situation is similar to the above , Use the following streaming command （ error ）：

ffmpeg -re -i d:\videos\1080P.264 -vcodec copy -f mpegts rtp://127.0.0.1:1234

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But actually not , I started using this command , Tried many times and always failed , The reason for the failure is ： The package sent is missing RTP head , There is an error in the output protocol . actually , The right order is ：

ffmpeg -re -i d:\videos\1080P.264 -vcodec copy -f rtp_mpegts rtp://127.0.0.1:1234

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ffplay Commands received ：

ffplay -protocol_whitelist "file,udp,rtp" -i rtp://127.0.0.1:1234

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Or open one SDP file ,SDP File pair TS Writing method of stream ：

SDP:
v=0
o=- 0 0 IN IP4 127.0.0.1
s=No Name
c=IN IP4 127.0.0.1
t=0 0
m=video 1234 RTP/AVP 33
a=rtpmap:33 MP2T/90000

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（ Be careful ：FFmpeg send out TS The flow of RTP PayloadType No 96 It is 33）

There's another problem ： In the early ffmpeg Version does not support rtp_mpegts Output protocol , You can use the command ffmpeg -formats see ffmpeg Whether this output protocol is supported . I use FFmpeg The version is ffmpeg-20180209 It supports this kind of agreement .

4. Use RTP Send audio stream and video stream respectively

FFmpeg command ：

ffmpeg  -re -i <media_file> -an -vcodec copy -f rtp rtp://<IP>:5004 -vn -acodec copy -f rtp rtp://<IP>:5005 > test.sdp

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FFplay Received SDP file ：

SDP:
v=2 
m=video 5004 RTP/AVP 96
a=rtpmap:96 H264
t=0 0 
a=framerate:25
c=IN IP4 192.168.0.100


m=audio 5005 RTP/AVP 97
a=rtpmap:97 PCM/8000/1
a=framerate:25
c=IN IP4 192.168.0.100

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The above introduction uses the command line method

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