Understanding of Turing test and Chinese Room

Turing test and Chinese house

  This article wants to share about AI “ Chinese house argument ”（ Also called Chinese character house ,Chinese room）. What is the Chinese house argument , We know that Turing test is a recognized standard to judge whether a machine is artificial intelligence . Let me start with the Turing test , Knowing the Turing test is a good way to understand the man house argument .

   Turing test is very simple , It was Turing who proposed , Judge whether a machine is intelligent , After you talk to the machine （ The premise is that you don't know that he is a machine ）, You can't tell whether he is a human being or a machine —— If you can't judge , It shows that this machine can be regarded as artificial intelligence . Turing test has been recognized by many people . So in the future, many researches in the field of artificial intelligence , They are all working towards this goal .

   There is a man after , It's sal , He thought the Turing test was not very good . What's the reason , Good topic ： The argument of Chinese character house . He said , Get a cabin , There is an American who can only speak English but not Chinese , There is a Chinese who knows Chinese outside , Inside and outside the house, two people communicate by passing notes , The note must be written in Chinese . The people in the room , Try to deceive the people outside. He knows Chinese , The people outside try to judge whether the people in the room really know Chinese . The people in the room don't know Chinese , But he has a reference book , The book told him , When you see a note written like this “ Have you eaten yet? ”, You just copy “ Ate , thank you .” Pass these words out . That's it , People outside write a sentence to him in Chinese every time , He looked up books to find the corresponding , Suppose the reference book is very powerful and rich , Then this person searches very fast . Do you think people outside the house can find flaws ？ Not really . Then someone said , I keep asking “ Have you eaten yet? ”, I asked ten times in a row , If all the answers in the room are “ Eat, thank you eat, thank you eat, thank you ”. Then I can find that he is rather old-fashioned 、 Don't you understand Chinese . What if the reference book has the function of learning and recording , For example, the reference book tells him , about “ Have you eaten yet? ” Three or more times , Just copy this note ：“ As I said, I ate , Stop asking this question .” All in all , In any case , Reference books can help people in the house make the best response .

   good , Finally, the people outside collapsed , It is impossible to judge whether the people in the room really understand Chinese . So as I said before , If the people in the room were replaced by machines —— Because obviously, all the operations that people in the room need are search and mapping , Who is the best at this , Machines are best at , So it can be replaced .

   Suppose there is a machine in the room , It communicates smoothly with the people outside the house by the same means , The judge can't even tell whether he understands Chinese , Let alone judge whether it is a human or a machine . At this time , The machine passes such a powerful reference book , Passed the Turing test . According to the standard of Turing test , We think this machine is intelligent —— But we know very well , The people in the room don't know Chinese .

  This is a contradiction . The argument of the house of Chinese characters caused a great shock , in other words , No matter whether the artificial intelligence we make has passed Turing test , He can always be explained by the man's house that he has no intelligence , What else should we study , You can't really be smart anyway , They are all deceiving themselves .

Questions about Chinese house 、 Refute and accept reality

  The house of Chinese characters was put forward by sal , Then someone refuted ：“ Sal, you are not alone ！ You are one “ English house ”, I'm from outside , You are the man in the room ; In fact, you don't know English , You are not real , All your language and behavior are operated by the robot in your brain with reference to the reference book ！” How can Sal prove that he really knows English , He can't prove it, can he . This is also famous “ His heart argues ”.

   So why is that , Because the argument of Chinese character house is too destructive . It not only shows that robots have no mind , He can also show that real people have no mind . let me put it another way , We all have sufficient but incomplete reasons to suspect that a person has no intelligence , Not to mention the machine ？ Use a theory that can explain that everything has no intelligence to explain that machines have no intelligence , The conclusion, of course, is that there is no intelligence . 

   Come back , What is the standard for us to judge whether a person has intelligence , Is it to see if he really has a mind , Does he really know what red feels like , What does green feel like ？ Isn't it , Then our criterion for judging a person is that I point to red and he says Red , I mean green. He said green , To put it bluntly , We only care about external performance . The movie 《 Artificial intelligence 》 David in ,《 Super power chappie 》 CHABI in , Can I make you cry , can , That's enough . Because they let the audience feel that they really understand what love is through their external performance , What is pain . But do you think they really understand , Not necessarily .

   In fact, smart people found out , Then I said a lot about the man's house argument , Finally, it's not the Turing test . Right , Look at the external performance ！ I think this is also the authority and charm of Turing test .

   Is the man house argument all nonsense ？ No , What does the Hanzi house argument tell us , He made us think —— Artificial intelligence really understand ？ let me put it another way , The Chinese character house may have broken our beautiful imagination .

   such as , Our ancient Chinese poems , Some are bold and unrestrained , Some artistic conception is very deep , You read it , Then you can imagine that picture across time and space , And then empathize with the author —— And will robots have this feeling ？ Let's listen to a song , We can cycle a single all day , I can't get out , Why? , I don't know . In turn, , Hear something disgusting , I feel goose bumps all over , The whole person is bad . Does this kind of reactive robot have . Another example is that we heard some heroic deeds 、 Feelings of home and country , Will soon be respected from the inside out , Even tears . All these reactions , Robots can show , But not necessarily . Artificial intelligence can only be understood in its own way , Instead of understanding in a human way . This is probably Chinese room The inspiration and thinking brought to me .