Global function Encyclopedia

abs()—— The absolute value

max()—— Maximum

min()—— minimum value

sum()—— Sum up

pow()—— Power

len()—— Returns the object （ character 、 list 、 Tuples etc. ） Length or number of items

range()—— Create an integer list , Commonly used in for loop

reversed()—— Flip , Sorting is usually associated with sort() Use it with

round()——round(n),n It's odd , Follow the rounding ;n For the even , With 5 For the dividing line , Less than or equal to 0.5 Give up everything

——round(n,m) Yes n Round to m position

          

divmod()—— Combine the results of divisor and remainder operations , Returns a tuple containing quotient and remainder (a // b, a % b)

int()—— To integer

float()—— Convert to floating point

chr()—— Turn to character type

list()—— Create a list of

set()—— Create set

tuple()—— Creating a tuple

dict()—— Create a dictionary

type()—— View type

help()—— Check for a detailed description of the purpose of the function or module

 str()—— Turn the object into a form suitable for human reading

ord()——ord() The function is chr() function （ about 8 Bit ASCII character string ） The pairing function of , It takes a string （Unicode character ） As a parameter , Return the corresponding ASCII The number , perhaps Unicode The number .

dir()—— Without parameters , Returns the variables in the current range , List of types of methods and definitions ; With parameters , Return the properties of the parameter , Method list

hex()—— To hexadecimal

bin()—— Change to binary

oct()—— Turn into eight entries

input()—— Accept a standard input data , Return to string type

delattr()—— Delete attribute

hash()—— Get an object （ String or number, etc ） Hash value of

memoryview()—— Returns the memory view object for the given parameter (memory view). So called memory view object , Wrap the data that supports the buffer protocol , Allows without the need to copy objects Python Code access .

all()—— Determine the given iteratable parameter iterable Whether all elements in are TRUE, If it's a return True, Otherwise return to False.（ Except that the elements are 0、 empty 、None、False Outside is True.）

any()—— Determine the given iteratable parameter  iterable  Is it all  False, Then return to  False, If I have a theta  True, Then return to  True.（ Except that the elements are 0、 empty 、False  Outside is  True.）

next()——next() Returns the next entry for the iterator ;next() Functions should be associated with iterators iter() Functions together .

iter()—— Generate iterators

slice()—— Implement slice object , It is mainly used for parameter passing in slice operation function

id()—— Get the memory address of the object

__import__()—— For dynamically loading classes and functions

hasattr()—— Determines whether the object contains corresponding properties

sorted()—— For all iterations （list、tuple） To sort objects in ascending order

list  Of  sort  Method returns an operation on an existing list , And built-in functions  sorted  Method returns a new one  list, Instead of operating on the basis of the original .

enumerate()—— For traversing a data object （ Such as ： list , Tuples or strings ） Combined into an index sequence , List both data and data index , Generally used in for In circulation

staticmethod()—— The static return method of the function

bool()—— Converts a given parameter to a Boolean type , If there are no parameters , return False

eval()—— Remove the outer delimiter , Execute string expressions , And return the value of the expression .

open()—— Used to open a file , And return the file object , This function is used for processing files , If the file cannot be opened , Will throw out OSError.

Be careful ： Use open() The function must ensure that the file object is closed , That is to call close() function .
open() A function usually takes two arguments ： file name (file) And pattern (mode)

isinstance()—— Determine whether an object is a known type , similar type()

bytes()—— Back to a new  bytes  object , The object is a  0 <= x < 256  An immutable sequence of integers in an interval . It is  bytearray  The immutable version of .

complex()—— Create a value of real + imag * j To convert a string or number to a complex number . If the first argument is a string , You do not need to specify a second parameter

property()—— Return the property value in the new class

map()—— Map the specified sequence according to the function provided

repr()—— Convert the object to a form for the interpreter to read

 ascii()—— Returns a string representing an object

ascii() Function similar to repr() function , Returns a string representing an object

zip()—— Take iteratable objects as parameters , Package the corresponding elements in the object into tuples , Then return a list of these tuples .

filter()—— For filtering sequence , Filter out the elements that do not meet the conditions , Returns an iterator object , If you want to convert to a list , have access to list() To convert . This accepts two parameters , The first one is a function , The second is the sequence , Each element of the sequence is passed as a parameter to the function for judgment , Then return True or False, And then it will return True Is placed in the new list .

classmethod()—— The function corresponding to the modifier does not need to be instantiated , Unwanted self Parameters , But the first parameter needs to represent the class itself cls Parameters , You can call the properties of a class , Class method , Instanced objects, etc

getattr()—— Return an object property value

globals()—— Returns all global variables of the current location in dictionary type

locals()—— Returns all local variables of the current location in dictionary type

frozenset()—— Returns a frozen collection , After freezing, no more elements can be added or removed from the collection

vars()—— Returns the object object Dictionary object for properties and property values

super()—— Call the parent class ( Superclass ) One way

callable()—— Check whether an object is callable . If you return True,object The call may still fail ; But if you go back False, Call object object It will never work

format()—— Enhance the function of string formatting . The basic grammar is through  {}  and  :  To replace the old  %

issubclass()——issubclass(class, classinfo)—— Used to judge the parameters class Whether it is a type parameter classinfo Subclasses of

print()—— Enter data from keyboard

bytearray()—— Returns a new byte array . The elements in this array are mutable , And the range of values for each element : 0 <= x < 256

setattr()—— The corresponding function getattr(), Used to set property values , The attribute does not necessarily exist

object()————object() Function returns an empty object . You cannot add new properties or methods to this object .  This object is the foundation of all classes , It has default built-in properties and methods for all classes .

compile()—— Compile a string into byte code

exec()—— Execute... Stored in a string or file Python sentence , Compared with eval,exec Can perform more complex Python Code .