Past and present life of product modular design

​ Module design originated from the basic concept of software design , In the early software design, modular design for product functions was proposed .

After designing the software architecture , It has been clear in the macro what functions each module should have , Where should it be placed in the architecture . We are used to dividing modules from function , keep “ Function independent ” Is the basic principle of modular design . because ,“ Function independent ” Modules can reduce development 、 test 、 The cost of maintenance and other stages . however “ Function independent ” It does not mean that modules remain absolutely isolated .

A system needs to complete a certain task , Each module needs to cooperate with each other to realize , At this time, information exchange will be carried out between modules .

Modules are usually “ Composed of components or parts 、 Having independent functions 、 Standardized units can be manufactured separately in series , Products are formed with other units through different forms of interfaces , And separable 、 Can be combined 、 Interchangeable ”. This definition describes the following characteristics of the module ：

（1） Modules are different from components of general products , It is an independent function , Can be made separately 、 Products sold .

（2） Modules are usually composed of various components , High level modules can also include low-level modules ( That is, modules are composed of modules ).

（3） It is a complete unit of the product system ( elements ), It can be separated from other elements of the product system 、 Can be combined .

（4） The module is connected to the door through various forms ( Rigidity 、 flexible ) And connection mode （ A one-way 、 two-way 、 Multidirectional ） Realize the connection and combination between modules .

（5） Modules are usually standardized products , It can be designed and manufactured in series .

Types of modules

According to the use and characteristics of the module, it can be divided into many kinds , Common among them are ：

Function module ： According to the functional analysis method of value engineering , The product system can be divided into units with different functions , The modules that perform these functions are called function modules . Function modules can be divided into basic function modules 、 Auxiliary function module 、 Special function modules, etc , And they can be further subdivided into more specific modules according to the characteristics of the product .

Structural modules ： According to the position of modules in the product system and the relationship between modules , Modules can be divided into different levels , It's called grading module , This hierarchy usually includes high-level modules 、 Sub module ( Or submodules ), Or primary module 、 Secondary module 、 Three level modules, etc .

High level modules are usually composed of low-level modules in the corresponding classification system ; The lowest level module is composed of components or sub components , The constituent elements of components or sub components are called negative sub components , It is the most basic module component in the grading system .

In addition, it can also be divided into general modules according to the general degree of modules 、 Dedicated module 、 Special modules, etc .

-- General module refers to the high degree of generalization of this kind of module , It is not only used in a certain product , And it can be used in this kind of product series , Even cross series 、 Common across a wide range of products , Such modules are usually developed in series 、 Manufactured in batches , Continuous derivation 、 Variant products , It has a wide range of applications 、 Long life cycle and good economic benefits .

-- Special modules are specially designed and manufactured for a certain product or a certain purpose , Generally, it needs to be developed separately .

-- Special modules are specially designed according to the special requirements of the system .

modularization :  Divide the program into several modules , Each module completes a subfunction , Put these modules together to form a whole , Can complete the specified functions , Function to meet the problem .

modular :  A well-defined input 、 Program entities for output and properties .

Modular design

Modularity is a basic principle of good software design , It can reduce the total work required by the design ：

Principle of function division module

1. decompose

2. Module independence

Modular product design

（ One ） The purpose of modular design

The purpose of modular product design is to respond to changes with less changes , Produce as many products as possible with as little input as possible , Meet various requirements in the most economical way . Because the modules have different combinations, they can be configured to generate diversified products that meet the needs of users , At the same time, the module has standard geometric connection interface and consistent input and output interface , If the division of modules and the definition of interfaces meet the requirements of purchasing in mass production 、 logistics 、 The actual situation of production and service , This means that the products configured according to the modular mode are in line with the actual situation of mass production , Thus, the contradiction between customized production and mass production can be solved .

There are two cases of modular design ：

One is to produce a complex product or to complete a project , Adopt the method of module combination , According to the functional requirements of the product or engineering system , choice 、 Design corresponding modules , Establish their combination ;

The other is for different types 、 Different uses 、 On the basis of functional analysis of products of different specifications , Extract the functions with strong commonalities , According to this design function module , The purpose is not only to meet the needs of a product , Instead, it should be used in a wider range .

The main ways of modular design are ：

1） Horizontal series modular design . Do not change the main parameters of the product , Using modules to develop deformed products . This method is easy to implement , Most widely used . It is often to replace or add modules to the basic varieties , Form new varieties of deformation . for example , Replace the milling head of the end milling machine , Vertical milling head can be added 、 Horizontal milling head 、 Turret milling head, etc , Form vertical milling machine, horizontal milling machine or turret milling machine .

2） Longitudinal series modular design . Design base products of different specifications in the same type . The main parameters are different , Dynamic parameters are often different , Resulting in different structural forms and sizes , Therefore, the modular design of the horizontal series is complex . If the components related to dynamic parameters are designed into the same general module , It is bound to cause the lack or redundancy of strength or stiffness , Lack of influence function , Redundancy leads to huge structure 、 Waste of materials . thus , When designing modules related to dynamic parameters , Sections are often divided reasonably , Modules are common only in the same section ; For modules that have nothing to do with power or size , It can be used in a wider range .

3） Horizontal series and cross Series modular design . In addition to developing horizontal series products , Changing some modules can also get other series of products , It belongs to horizontal series and cross Series modular design . Modular boring and milling machine produced by German Chaman machine tool factory , In addition to the development of horizontal series of CNC and various types of boring and milling machining centers , Replace the column 、 Sliding seat and workbench , The boring and milling machine can be changed into a cross series floor boring machine .

4） A full range of modular design . The whole series includes vertical series and horizontal series . for example , Tool milling produced by a factory in Germany , Except that it can be changed to vertical milling head 、 Horizontal milling head 、 Turret milling head and other products form a horizontal series , You can also change the bed 、 Height and length of beam , Get three vertical series of products .

5） Full series and cross Series modular design . It is mainly used for cross product modular design with similar structure on the basis of the whole series . for example , A full range of gantry milling machine structure and gantry plane 、 Gantry planer is similar to gantry Guideway Grinder , Can develop cross Series modular design .

Modular design of interface layer

Case study ： E-commerce activities UI Modular design

Electronic business platform , As a more daily operation mode , It shows that the page base is large 、 Short online time 、 Fast update speed 3 Big features . Modular venue , It is to disassemble the event venue into assembly components , Then cluster, summarize and sort out multiple components , Form a set 「 Template library 」, And continuously expand iterations in many activities for ease of use , Improve the efficiency of activity construction and design quality .

「 Modular venue 」 Detailed design

The split is too trivial , Each module is at least 「 It has meaning 」 Of . East of Beijing 618 Take the main venue as an example , Through to 「 conference hall 、 brand 、 key word 」 And other elements , Combined with business scenarios , Quickly produced 3 Set of floor combinations .