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VMware 虚拟化集群
2022-07-06 08:17:00 【雨帝夜泪】
VMware 虚拟化集群
说起虚拟化,可能对于绝大多数人来说是跑在本地电脑中的虚拟机软件以及近些年大热的 docker ,但这也并不是全部,在一些特定的场景下还是不得不使用传统的本地管理的虚拟化技术,这里面的翘楚依旧当属 vmware 了。
本着用啥学啥的原则,在开始查找资料时经常会看到这样两个软件:vmware ESXi 和 vCenter Server ,在初期对两者十分迷茫,不知道哪个是哪个,直到完成了整体的部署实施,才逐步形成了概念:
- vmware ESXi: 虚拟化软件,类似于个人电脑中的 vmware workstation
- vCenter Server:集中管理 ESXi 的软件
那么,为什么要使用?以及何时该使用 vCenter Server 呢?目前我的管理规模是6台Dell R740,每台 Intel Xeon Silver 4210R CPU @ 2.40GHz x 2,256G内存,2x8T的RAID1。目前根据数月的运营体验,如果你的虚拟化宿主机超过2台,并且每台上都有至少5-10套虚拟化系统的话,最好使用该软件来简化工作,同时如果需要不断的创建新虚拟机,并且需要在多台服务器间拷贝镜像,那一定要使用。当然,使用也是有代价的,部署该软件需要占用至少15G以上的内存。
安装与配置
关于安装
安装本身没什么好重复的,网上有太多的资料来介绍如何安装两者,只是要注意下顺序。我的实际环境中先部署了一台 ESXi ,安装了 Windows10 的虚拟机,然后把 vCenter Server 的镜像iso挂载进去,直接安装为一个独立的虚拟化管理终端。有些文章中,说一定要一台Windows服务器,我也就不得而知是为什么了。
同步时间
不管是vCenter 还是 ESXi ,都强烈建议使用NTP服务进行时间同步。对于具体的虚拟机而言,在设置中勾选 同步客户机时间与主机时间 该配置通常在虚拟机选项的 VMware Tools 部分。
USB的支持
我们的实际应用场景,需要虚拟化数百个usb设备,但是在虚拟机中的一些“特殊软件”无法识别这些设备,需要在对应虚拟机的 高级选项 中,添加如下的配置参数:
hypervisor.cpuid.v0=FALSE
自动启动
虚拟机跟随宿主机自动启动,需要在ESXi中先配置主机启用自动启动,然后再配置允许自动启动的虚拟机。前者通常在主机管理的自动启动中配置。
锁定模式
出于安全考虑,可以在 vCenter 中配置各台 ESXi 的锁定模式为 启用 ,表示仅允许vCenter和本地控制台访问虚拟机,不允许通过ui方式访问。
然而这个配置,在一次对 vCenter 所在宿主机进行停机增配时则差点翻车。因为默认情况下,ESXi 并不支持虚拟机的自动启动,因此停机后会导致 vCenter 未启动,从而所有 ESXi 被锁定,无法登入管理。 还好当时多留了个心眼,临时将所在 ESXi 的锁定模式临时设置为了禁止。
参考资料
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