Oracle backup or restore database (expdp, impdp)

1. First, create or change the virtual directory

Because the data pump mode ——expdp（ export ） and impdp（ Import ） Virtual directory path required .

--  grammar 
create or replace directory  Virtual directory name  as ' Virtual directory absolute path ';
--  Example ： Create or modify data_backup Logical directory 
create or replace directory data_backup as 'D:\app\Administrator\admin\bysjdb\dbdump\20210709';

If it is the first time to create data_backup This logical Directory , You also need to give the data user readable and writable permissions . In this way, you can back up and restore .

--  grammar 
grant read,write on directory  Virtual directory name  to  Database users ;
--  Example 
grant read,write on directory data_backup to  Database users ;

2. Batch export database （ Backup ）

Tips ：expdp help=Y You can view the prompt
Suppose it's local oracle There are the following users BYSJtest、BYSJuser、System. The following statement will put BYSJ The user database named at the beginning is backed up to the specified virtual directory , Name the backup with the user name dmp file .
Be careful ：%exp_pwd% Call for exp_pwd Variable , So in the implementation expdp Statement before , First pair oracle_sid、exp_pwd、exp_ip Variable assignment

-- explain 
--username: User name for exporting data , Must write ;
--password: Password for exporting data , Must write ;
[email protected]: Address symbol , Must write ;
--serviceip and exp_sid:oracle Service name of , Must write [ip+ port +sid];
--1521: Port number ,1521 It is the default and can not be written , Non default to write ;
--schemas： The user name of the export operation ;
--dumpfile： Exported files ;
--logfile: Exported log file , Don't write ;
--directory: Name of the virtual folder created ;
--remap_schema= Source database user name : Target database user name , It is not necessary to write at the same time , The same can be omitted ;

-- grammar 
expdp username/password@serviceip/servicename directory= Virtual directory  dumpfile=username.dmp logfile=username.log schemas=username

-- Batch build expdp sentence 
select 
distinct
'expdp '||lower(atc.owner)||'/%exp_pwd%@%exp_ip%/%oracle_sid% directory=data_backup dumpfile='||lower(atc.owner)||'.dmp logfile='||lower(atc.owner)||'.log schemas='||lower(atc.owner)||''
from all_tab_columns atc
where atc.owner like 'BYSJ%';

To write bat Document and execute

-- Set up NLS_LANG Variable to specify character attributes 
rem set NLS_LANG=CHINESE_CHINA.AL32UTF8
@echo [ Enter the corresponding sid]
set oracle_sid=bysj
@echo [ Enter the corresponding user password ]
set exp_pwd=123456
@echo [ Enter the corresponding ip Address 、 port ]
set exp_ip=192.168.x.xxx:1521
@echo [ Enter the corresponding user name ]

-- export expdp sentence 
......

@echo [ Export complete ]
-- Wait for the user to confirm before closing the window 
pause

3. Batch import database （ Restore ）

according to directory Find the corresponding... According to the user name under the specified virtual directory dumpfile, Then import to the specified oracle_sid Of oracle In the database .

-- Batch build impdp sentence 
select 
distinct
'impdp '||lower(atc.owner)||'/%imp_pwd%@%imp_ip%/%oracle_sid% directory=data_backup dumpfile='||lower(atc.owner)||'.dmp full=Y ignore=Y logfile='||lower(atc.owner)||'.log'
from all_tab_columns atc
where atc.owner like 'BYSJ%';

To write bat Document and execute

-- Set up NLS_LANG Variable to specify character attributes 
rem set NLS_LANG=CHINESE_CHINA.AL32UTF8
@echo [ Enter the corresponding sid]
set oracle_sid=bysj
@echo [ Enter the corresponding user password ]
set imp_pwd=123456
@echo [ Enter the corresponding ip Address 、 port ]
set imp_ip=192.168.x.xxx:1521
@echo [ Enter the corresponding user name ]

-- export impdp sentence 
......

@echo [ Complete import ]
-- Wait for the user to confirm before closing the window 
pause

4. Batch generate create user statements

Mr. Cheng is importing databases in batches

select 
distinct
-- Statements begin 
'start drop user '||atc.owner||' cascade; -- Create tablespace , Specify auto expansion as 5m, Maximum unlimited  CREATE SMALLFILE TABLESPACE '||atc.owner||' DATAFILE ''D:\database\oracle_dbf\bysj\'||atc.owner||'.dbf'' SIZE 5M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 5M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED LOGGING EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO;
-- Create user 
CREATE USER '||atc.owner||' IDENTIFIED BY "123456" 
-- Specify tablespace 
DEFAULT TABLESPACE '||atc.owner||' TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP;
-- Assign roles 
GRANT "DBA" TO '||atc.owner||';
GRANT "CONNECT" TO '||atc.owner||';
GRANT "RESOURCE" TO '||atc.owner||';
ALTER USER '||atc.owner||' DEFAULT ROLE "DBA","CONNECT","RESOURCE";
-- User quotas are unlimited 
GRANT UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO '||atc.owner||';
end' -- End of sentence  from all_tab_columns atc where atc.owner like 'BYSJ%'; -- Query the specified user 

other

Or use exp、imp The way is also feasible , The speed is too slow , But it can be backed up locally , No need to create virtual directories .

-- explain 
--username: User name for exporting data , Must write ;
--password: Password for exporting data , Must write ;
[email protected]: Address symbol , Must write ;
--serviceip and exp_sid:oracle Service name of , Must write [ip+ port +sid];
--1521: Port number ,1521 It is the default and can not be written , Non default to write ;
--file： Exported file path ;
--full=Y: Represents full import and Export 

-- grammar 
exp(imp) username/password@serviceip/servicename file=D:/db/username.dmp full=Y;

Export section according to user table

exp(imp) username/password@serviceip/servicename file='D:/db/username.dmp' tabels=                                                                  (table1,table2,table3,...);

Export part according to table space

exp(imp) username/password@serviceip/servicename file='D:/db/username.dmp' tablespaces=                                                         (tablespace1,tablespace2,tablespace3,...);

Export the section according to the user

exp(imp) username/password@serviceip/servicename file='D:/db/username.dmp' owner(username1,username2,username3);