Gut | Yu Jun group of the Chinese University of Hong Kong revealed that smoking changes intestinal flora and promotes colorectal cancer (do not smoke)

https://gut.bmj.com/content/early/2022/04/05/gutjnl-2021-325021

Smoking is colorectal cancer (CRC) The main risk factors for . This study aims to investigate whether cigarette smoke promotes colorectal cancer by changing the intestinal microbiota and related metabolites .

2022 year 4 month 6 Japan , The Yu Jun team of the Chinese University of Hong Kong is in （IF=23） Published online entitled “Cigarette smoke promotes colorectal cancer through modulation of gut microbiota and related metabolites ” Research paper of , The study was treated with azomethane C57BL/6 Mice every day 2 Hours of exposure to cigarette smoke or clean air , continued 28 Zhou . The study found that compared with non-smoking control mice , The incidence rate and cell proliferation of tumors in mice exposed to cigarette smoke increased significantly . Intestinal microbiota imbalance was observed in mice exposed to smoke , There are significant differences in the abundance of bacterial species , Include Eggerthella lenta Enrichment and Parabacteroides distasonis and Lactobacillus spp Exhaustion of . Metabonomic analysis showed , Bile acid metabolites increased in the colon of smoke exposed mice , Especially Taurodeoxycholic Acid (TDCA). The study found that E. lenta In mice exposed to smoke TDCA Have the most positive correlation . Besides , Mice exposed to smoke exhibit enhanced carcinogenesis MAPK/ERK The signal （TDCA The downstream target of ） And impaired intestinal barrier function . Besides , Transplanted mice exposed to smoke （GF-AOMS） The feces of sterile mice increased colon cell proliferation . Again ,GF-AOMS Show intestinal E. coli and TDCA The abundance of , Activate MAPK/ERK The intestinal barrier of the pathway and colon epithelium is damaged .

All in all , The study found that The imbalance of intestinal flora caused by cigarette smoke has a tumor promoting effect in colorectal cancer . The imbalance of intestinal flora caused by smoke will change intestinal metabolites and damage intestinal barrier function , This may activate carcinogenesis in the colon epithelium MAPK/ERK Signal transmission .

colorectal cancer （CRC） It is one of the most common cancers in the world . Although the early CRC There are many strategies for screening and prevention , But its burden is expected to increase further . There is evidence to support diet 、 smoking 、 Obesity, sports and other lifestyles are related to CRC There is a connection between .

Smoking increases the risk of lung cancer , about 80% Of primary lung cancer can be attributed to smoking . Smoking also increases the risk of cancer in other organs that are not directly exposed to cigarette smoke , For example, colon 、 Rectum 、 Pancreas and kidney . Studies have shown that , Smoking and human CRC There is a significant correlation between incidence rate and mortality , And it was also observed that smoking increased in animal models CRC The risk of development . However , The mechanism of smoking promoting the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer is not clear .

Increased bacterial diversity has been observed in humans after quitting smoking . The report also shows that , The changes of microbiome and mucin structure are related to smoking . Besides , come from CRC The intestinal microorganisms of patients can promote the occurrence of colon tumors in recipient mice . However , Whether changes in gut microbiota represent a link between smoking and colorectal cancer remains elusive .

Cigarette smoke can increase the incidence of colorectal tumors in mice （ Graph source self Gut ）

The study was treated with azomethane C57BL/6 Mice every day 2 Hours of exposure to cigarette smoke or clean air , continued 28 Zhou . The study found that compared with non-smoking control mice , The incidence rate and cell proliferation of tumors in mice exposed to cigarette smoke increased significantly . Intestinal microbiota imbalance was observed in mice exposed to smoke , There are significant differences in the abundance of bacterial species , Include Eggerthella lenta Enrichment and Parabacteroides distasonis and Lactobacillus spp Exhaustion of .

Metabonomic analysis showed , Bile acid metabolites increased in the colon of smoke exposed mice , Especially Taurodeoxycholic Acid (TDCA). The study found that E. lenta In mice exposed to smoke TDCA Have the most positive correlation . Besides , Mice exposed to smoke exhibit enhanced carcinogenesis MAPK/ERK The signal （TDCA The downstream target of ） And impaired intestinal barrier function . Besides , Transplanted mice exposed to smoke （GF-AOMS） The feces of sterile mice increased colon cell proliferation . Again ,GF-AOMS Show intestinal E. coli and TDCA The abundance of , Activate MAPK/ERK The intestinal barrier of the pathway and colon epithelium is damaged .

All in all , This study found that the imbalance of intestinal flora caused by cigarette smoke has a tumor promoting effect in colorectal cancer . The imbalance of intestinal flora caused by smoke will change intestinal metabolites and damage intestinal barrier function , This may activate carcinogenesis in the colon epithelium MAPK/ERK Signal transmission .

Link to the original text ：https://gut.bmj.com/content/early/2022/04/05/gutjnl-2021-325021

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