Come and help you understand the Internet of things in three minutes

What is the Internet of things ？

Internet of things refers to RFID 、 Infrared sensors 、 Global positioning system 、 Laser scanner And other information sensing equipment , According to the agreement , Connect anything to the Internet , Information exchange and communication , In order to realize the intelligent identification of objects 、 location 、 track 、 A network of monitoring and management  , Any time 、 Any place , people 、 machine 、 The interconnection of things  , It is an important part of the new generation of information technology . The concept of Internet of things first appeared in Bill Gates, 1995 year 《 The way to the future 》 A Book .

The basic characteristics of the Internet of things

The basic characteristics of the Internet of things from the perspective of communication objects and processes , Things and things 、 The information interaction between people and things is the core of the Internet of things . The basic feature of the Internet of things is overall perception 、 Reliable transmission and intelligent processing  .

The key technology of Internet of things

1. RFID Technology

A simple wireless system , By an interrogator （ Or reader ） And a lot of transponders （ Or tags ） form . This technology enables objects to “ Speak up ”. This gives the Internet of things a feature, that is, traceability .

2. Sensor network

It is from Micro sensors 、 Micro actuator 、 Signal processing and control circuit 、 communication interface An integrated micro device system composed of power supply and other components . It gives new life to ordinary objects , They have their own data transmission path 、 With the storage function 、 Operating systems and specialized applications , So as to form a huge sensor network . This enables the Internet of things to monitor and protect people through items .

 

3.M2M System framework

It is a kind of intelligent interaction with machine terminals as the core 、 Network application and service . It will make the object realize intelligent control .M2M Technology involves 5 It's an important part of technology ： machine 、M2M Hardware 、 Communication network 、 middleware 、 application . Based on cloud computing platform and intelligent network , The decision can be made according to the data obtained by the sensor network , Control the behavior of the object .

4. Cloud computing

Cloud computing It aims to integrate multiple relatively low-cost computing entities into a perfect system with strong computing power through the network , And with the help of advanced business models, end users can get these powerful computing services . The perception layer of the Internet of things obtains a large amount of data information , After transmission through the network layer , Put it on a standard platform , Then use high-performance cloud computing to process it , Give these data intelligence , In order to finally convert information useful to end users  .

  Broad development prospect

1. Favorable policies for the development of the industry

Jointly issued by the Ministry of industry and information technology and other eight departments 《 Three year action plan for the construction of new infrastructure of the Internet of things (2021-2023 year )》. Aim to 2023 end of the year , The new infrastructure of Internet of things has been preliminarily built in major cities in China , Modern social governance 、 The foundation of industrial digital transformation and people's livelihood consumption upgrading is more solid . Emphasize on the industry standard system 、 Network data security 、 Intellectual property rights and other aspects have been continuously improved , Support the healthy development of the Internet of things .

2. Technological breakthroughs drive the development of the industry

The endogenous driving force for the development of the Internet of things industry is increasing . Continuous breakthroughs in connection technology ,NB-Iot、eMTC、Lora The global commercialization process of low-power Wan is accelerating ; Internet of things platforms are growing rapidly , Rapid improvement of service support capability ; Blockchain 、 Edge of computing 、 New technology topics such as artificial intelligence continue to be injected into the Internet of things , Bring new innovation vitality to the Internet of things . Driven by technology and industrial maturity , IOT presentation “ Edge intelligence 、 Ubiquity of connections 、 Platformization of services 、 Extension of data ” Other characteristics . Continuous breakthroughs in various technologies drive the continuous development of the industry .

3. Rich application fields , Broad market prospect

With the rapid development of Internet of things , The Internet of things is more and more widely used in life . The Internet of things pervades intelligent transportation 、 Environmental protection 、 Government work 、 Public safety 、 Industrial monitoring 、 Personal health and other fields , From the scope of service 、 Great improvements have been made in terms of service mode and service quality , It has greatly improved people's quality of life . The Internet of things has rich application fields , Market demand is gradually released , Broad market prospect .

Internet of things market size

According to the report of China Internet Association , By 2021 year , The Internet of things market has reached 1.84 Trillion yuan , expect 2022 The market size will reach 2.1 Trillion yuan .

Problems to be solved in the development of the Internet of things

Although the development of the Internet of things in recent years has gradually become a scale , All countries have invested huge manpower 、 material resources 、 Financial resources for research and development . But in technology 、 management 、 cost 、 policy 、 There are still many problems to be solved in security and other aspects , The specific analysis is as follows :

1. The unification and coordination of technical standards

The standard of traditional Internet is not suitable for the Internet of things . The data of the perception layer of the Internet of things is multi-source and heterogeneous , Different devices have different interfaces , Different technical standards ; The network layer 、 The application layer is also different due to the type of network used 、 There are different network protocols and architectures for different application directions in the industry . Establish a unified Internet of things architecture , Unified technical standards are a difficult problem facing the Internet of things  .

2. Management platform issues

The Internet of things itself is a complex network system , In addition, the application field covers all walks of life , Inevitably, there is a great intersection . If this network system does not have a special comprehensive platform for classified management of information , There will be a lot of information redundancy 、 Repeat the work 、 The waste of resources caused by repeated construction . Applications in each industry are independent , The high cost 、 Low efficiency , Does not reflect the advantages of the Internet of things , It is bound to affect the promotion of the Internet of things . The Internet of things urgently needs a unified management platform that can integrate the resources of various industries , So that it can form a complete industrial chain model  .

3. The question of cost

All countries actively support the Internet of things , Behind the seemingly blooming flowers , There are few Internet of things projects that can be really put into and used on a large scale . for example , RFID technology to achieve the most basic electronic tags and card readers , Its cost price has been unable to meet the expectations of the enterprise , Low cost performance ; Sensor network is a multi hop self-organizing network , Easily damaged by environmental factors or human factors , To keep the network unobstructed , And can safely transmit reliable information in real time , The maintenance cost of the network is high . The cost is not within the generally acceptable range , The development of the Internet of things can only be empty talk  .

4. Security issues

Compared with the Internet, the Internet of things is an emerging product , The architecture is more complex 、 There is no uniform standard , The security problems in all aspects are more prominent . Its key implementation technology yes Sensor networks , The sensor is exposed to the natural environment , Especially some placed in harsh environment sensor , How to maintain the integrity of the network for a long time puts forward new requirements for sensing technology , Sensor networks must have a self-healing function . This is not just influenced by environmental factors , The influence of human factors is more severe . RFID technology is another key implementation technology , It means to send Electronic label Put it into the object to achieve real-time monitoring , This is bound to expose some personal privacy to the owners of some labels , There is a problem with the security of personal information . It's not just personal information security , Nowadays, between enterprises 、 Cooperation between countries is quite common , Once the network is attacked , The consequences will be even more unimaginable . How to balance informatization and security in the process of using the Internet of things is very important  .