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玩转gRPC—不同编程语言间通信
2022-07-01 13:37:00 【Barry Yan】
1 简介gRPC在不同语言间是如何连接的
2 安装Protoc buffer
下载链接：https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases
Windows下建议直接下载可执行文件：
下载完成后放到指定目录，配置环境变量：
验证：
如果出现如下异常：
解决方式：
把protoc.exe拷贝到C:\Windows\System32
3 Go使用gRPC进行Go程序之间的通信
项目结构：
下载依赖：
go get google.golang.org/protobuf/runtime/[email protected]
go get google.golang.org/grpc
go get google.golang.org/protobuf
go.mod文件：
module grpc_go
go 1.16
require (
google.golang.org/grpc v1.43.0 // indirect
google.golang.org/protobuf v1.26.0 // indirect
)
protoc文件：
syntax = "proto3"; //指定语法格式
package proto; //指定生成的包名字
option java_package = "org.ymx.proto";
option go_package = "/";
// 定义gRPC服务接口
service HelloService {
// 接口的具体方法
rpc SayHello(HelloRequest) returns (HelloReply) {}
}
// 接口的请求参数类型
message HelloRequest {
string name = 1;
}
// 接口的响应参数类型
message HelloReply {
string message = 1;
}
到proto目录下进行编译，编译完成后会出现指定的go文件：
C:\Users\17122\Desktop\grpc_demo\grpc_go\protoc> protoc -I . --go_out=plugins=grpc:. hello.proto
如果出现异常：
'protoc-gen-go' 不是内部或外部命令，也不是可运行的程序
或批处理文件。
--go_out: protoc-gen-go: Plugin failed with status code 1.
解决方式：
下载这个项目，到protoc-gen-go目录下，go build -o protoc-gen-go.exe main.go ，生成protoc-gen-go.exe文件
再将protoc-gen-go.exe拷贝到C:\Windows\System32
grpc客户端，main.go
package main
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"google.golang.org/grpc"
_ "grpc_go/proto"
__ "grpc_go/proto"
"log"
)
func main() {
//1 配置grpc服务端的端口作为客户端的监听
conn, err := grpc.Dial(":6666", grpc.WithInsecure())
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("正在监听服务端 : %v\n", err)
}
defer conn.Close()
//2 实例化 UserInfoService 服务的客户端
client := __.NewHelloServiceClient(conn)
//3 调用grpc服务
req := new (__.HelloRequest)
req.Name = "YMX"
resp, err := client.SayHello(context.Background(), req)
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("请求错误 : %v\n", err)
}
fmt.Printf("响应内容 : %v\n", resp)
}
grpc服务端，main.go
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"google.golang.org/grpc"
__ "grpc_go/proto"
"log"
"net"
)
//定义服务端 实现 约定的接口
type HelloServiceServer struct{
}
var u = HelloServiceServer{
}
//实现 interface
func (s *HelloServiceServer) SayHello(ctx context.Context, req *__.HelloRequest) (resp *__.HelloReply, err error) {
name := req.Name
if name == "YMX" {
resp = &__.HelloReply{
Message: "Hello YMX"}
} else {
resp = &__.HelloReply{
Message: "Hi NoYMX"}
}
err = nil
return resp, nil
}
//启动服务
func main() {
//1 添加监听的端口
port := ":6666"
l, err := net.Listen("tcp", port)
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("端口监听错误 : %v\n", err)
}
fmt.Printf("正在监听： %s 端口\n", port)
//2 启动grpc服务
s := grpc.NewServer()
//3 将UserInfoService服务注册到gRPC中，注意第二个参数是接口类型的变量，需要取地址传参
__.RegisterHelloServiceServer(s, &u)
s.Serve(l)
}
启动服务端和客户端，进行测试：
4 Java使用gRPC进行Java程序之间的通信
项目结构：
pom依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.ymx</groupId>
<artifactId>grpc_java</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId>
<artifactId>protobuf-java</artifactId>
<version>3.5.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.grpc</groupId>
<artifactId>grpc-all</artifactId>
<version>1.43.0</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<build>
<extensions>
<extension>
<groupId>kr.motd.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>os-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.4.1.Final</version>
</extension>
</extensions>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.xolstice.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>protobuf-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>0.5.0</version>
<configuration>
<protocArtifact>com.google.protobuf:protoc:3.0.0:exe:${os.detected.classifier}</protocArtifact>
<pluginId>grpc-java</pluginId>
<pluginArtifact>io.grpc:protoc-gen-grpc-java:1.0.0:exe:${os.detected.classifier}</pluginArtifact>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<goals>
<goal>compile</goal>
<goal>compile-custom</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
protoc文件内容：
syntax = "proto3"; //指定语法格式
package proto; //指定生成的包名字；
option java_multiple_files = true;
option java_package = "org.ymx.proto";
option go_package = "/";
option java_outer_classname = "Hello";
option objc_class_prefix = "YMX";
service HelloService {
rpc SayHello(HelloRequest) returns (HelloReply) {}
}
message HelloRequest {
string name = 1;
}
message HelloReply {
string message = 1;
}
进行编译，首先利用protobuf进行编译：
然后再利用maven进行编译：
grpc服务端代码：
package org.ymx;
import io.grpc.ServerBuilder;
import io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver;
import org.ymx.proto.HelloReply;
import org.ymx.proto.HelloRequest;
import org.ymx.proto.HelloServiceGrpc;
import java.io.IOException;
/** * @desc: grpc服务端 * @author: YanMingXin * @create: 2021/12/18-14:52 **/
public class Server {
private final static int port = 5555;
private io.grpc.Server server;
private void start() throws IOException {
server = ServerBuilder.forPort(port)
.addService(new HelloServiceImpl())
.build()
.start();
System.out.println("service start...");
Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.err.println("*** shutting down gRPC server since JVM is shutting down");
Server.this.stop();
System.err.println("*** server shut down");
}
});
}
private void stop() {
if (server != null) {
server.shutdown();
}
}
private void blockUntilShutdown() throws InterruptedException {
if (server != null) {
server.awaitTermination();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
final Server server = new Server();
server.start();
server.blockUntilShutdown();
}
/** * 实现 定义一个实现服务接口的类 */
private class HelloServiceImpl extends HelloServiceGrpc.HelloServiceImplBase {
@Override
public void sayHello(HelloRequest req, StreamObserver<HelloReply> responseObserver) {
System.out.println("service:" + req.getName());
HelloReply reply = HelloReply.newBuilder().setMessage(("Hello: " + req.getName())).build();
responseObserver.onNext(reply);
responseObserver.onCompleted();
}
}
}
grpc客户端代码：
package org.ymx;
import io.grpc.ManagedChannel;
import io.grpc.ManagedChannelBuilder;
import org.ymx.proto.HelloReply;
import org.ymx.proto.HelloRequest;
import org.ymx.proto.HelloServiceGrpc;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/** * @desc: grpc客户端 * @author: YanMingXin * @create: 2021/12/18-14:52 **/
public class Client {
private final ManagedChannel channel;
private final HelloServiceGrpc.HelloServiceBlockingStub blockingStub;
public Client(String host, int port) {
channel = ManagedChannelBuilder.forAddress(host, port)
.usePlaintext()
.build();
blockingStub = HelloServiceGrpc.newBlockingStub(channel);
}
public void shutdown() throws InterruptedException {
channel.shutdown().awaitTermination(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
public void hello(String name) {
HelloRequest request = HelloRequest.newBuilder().setName(name).build();
HelloReply response = blockingStub.sayHello(request);
System.out.println(response.getMessage());
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Client client = new Client("127.0.0.1", 5555);
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
if (i < 3) {
client.hello("ZS");
} else {
client.hello("YMX");
}
}
}
}
启动测试：
5 使用gRPC进行Go和Java程序间的通信
5.1 使用Java作为服务端，Go作为客户端
修改客户端端口：
Java服务端代码，其他代码不变：
/** * @desc: grpc服务端 * @author: YanMingXin * @create: 2021/12/18-14:52 **/
public class Server {
private final static int port = 5555;
private io.grpc.Server server;
private void start() throws IOException {
server = ServerBuilder.forPort(port)
.addService(new HelloServiceImpl())
.build()
.start();
System.out.println("service start...");
Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.err.println("*** shutting down gRPC server since JVM is shutting down");
Server.this.stop();
System.err.println("*** server shut down");
}
});
}
private void stop() {
if (server != null) {
server.shutdown();
}
}
private void blockUntilShutdown() throws InterruptedException {
if (server != null) {
server.awaitTermination();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
final Server server = new Server();
server.start();
server.blockUntilShutdown();
}
/** * 实现 定义一个实现服务接口的类 */
private class HelloServiceImpl extends HelloServiceGrpc.HelloServiceImplBase {
@Override
public void sayHello(HelloRequest req, StreamObserver<HelloReply> responseObserver) {
System.out.println("service:" + req.getName());
HelloReply reply = HelloReply.newBuilder().setMessage(("Hello: " + req.getName())).build();
responseObserver.onNext(reply);
responseObserver.onCompleted();
}
}
}
Go客户端代码，其他代码不变：
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"google.golang.org/grpc"
_ "grpc_go/proto"
__ "grpc_go/proto"
"log"
)
func main() {
//1 配置grpc服务端的端口作为客户端的监听
conn, err := grpc.Dial(":5555", grpc.WithInsecure())
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("正在监听服务端 : %v\n", err)
}
defer conn.Close()
//2 实例化 UserInfoService 服务的客户端
client := __.NewHelloServiceClient(conn)
//3 调用grpc服务
req := new (__.HelloRequest)
req.Name = "YMX"
resp, err := client.SayHello(context.Background(), req)
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("请求错误 : %v\n", err)
}
fmt.Printf("响应内容 : %v\n", resp)
}
测试：
5.2 使用Go作为服务端，Java作为客户端
修改客户端端口：
Go服务端代码，其他代码不变：
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"google.golang.org/grpc"
__ "grpc_go/proto"
"log"
"net"
)
//定义服务端 实现 约定的接口
type HelloServiceServer struct{
}
var u = HelloServiceServer{
}
//实现 interface
func (s *HelloServiceServer) SayHello(ctx context.Context, req *__.HelloRequest) (resp *__.HelloReply, err error) {
name := req.Name
if name == "YMX" {
resp = &__.HelloReply{
Message: "Hello YMX"}
} else {
resp = &__.HelloReply{
Message: "Hi NoYMX"}
}
err = nil
return resp, nil
}
//启动服务
func main() {
//1 添加监听的端口
port := ":6666"
l, err := net.Listen("tcp", port)
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("端口监听错误 : %v\n", err)
}
fmt.Printf("正在监听： %s 端口\n", port)
//2 启动grpc服务
s := grpc.NewServer()
//3 将UserInfoService服务注册到gRPC中，注意第二个参数是接口类型的变量，需要取地址传参
__.RegisterHelloServiceServer(s, &u)
s.Serve(l)
}
Java客户端代码，其他代码不变：
/** * @desc: grpc客户端 * @author: YanMingXin * @create: 2021/12/18-14:52 **/
public class Client {
private final ManagedChannel channel;
private final HelloServiceGrpc.HelloServiceBlockingStub blockingStub;
public Client(String host, int port) {
channel = ManagedChannelBuilder.forAddress(host, port)
.usePlaintext()
.build();
blockingStub = HelloServiceGrpc.newBlockingStub(channel);
}
public void shutdown() throws InterruptedException {
channel.shutdown().awaitTermination(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
public void hello(String name) {
HelloRequest request = HelloRequest.newBuilder().setName(name).build();
HelloReply response = blockingStub.sayHello(request);
System.out.println(response.getMessage());
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Client client = new Client("127.0.0.1", 6666);
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
if (i < 3) {
client.hello("ZS");
} else {
client.hello("YMX");
}
}
}
}
测试：
6 总结
- 存放protoc的文件目录尽量用proto命名
源码获取方式：关注下方公众号，回复【0701】
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1.8新特性-List