Qemu 搭建Armv8 平台

1. 安装依赖库

• sudo apt-get install ninja-build
• sudo apt-get install libglib2.0-dev
• sudo apt-get install libpixman-1-dev

 2. 安装python3.6

• sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa

• sudo apt update

• sudo apt install python3.6

• sudo apt install python3.6-dev

• sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.5 1

• sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.6 2
• sudo apt install python3-pip

3.安装GCC

# 命令最后的 20和50是优先级，如果使用auto选择模式，系统将默认使用优先级高的

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc  gcc  /usr/bin/gcc-5   20

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc  gcc  /usr/bin/gcc-7   50

4.安装ninja

https://github.com/ninja-build/ninja/releases

可下载 执行文件

如果是源码需要自行编译按装

5.编译Qemu

• glib-2.56/gthread-2.0

 https://download.gnome.org/sources/glib/2.56/

• zlib

 http://www.zlib.net/https://sourceforge.net/projects/libpng/files/zlib

•  libffi

https://sourceware.org/pub/libffi/

• autoconf

ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/autoconf/autoconf-2.71.tar.gz

autoreconf: running: aclocal -I m4 --output=aclocal.m4t
Can't exec "aclocal": 没有那个文件或目录 at /usr/share/autoconf/Autom4te/FileUtils.pm line 326.
autoreconf: failed to run aclocal: No such file or directory

解决办法：
sudo apt -y install autotools-dev automake m4 perl
sudo apt -y install libtool

.libpcre

sudo apt install libpcre3-dev

.libmount

sudo apt install libmount-dev

.pixman-1

sudo apt install libpixman-1-dev

6 armv8 环境

6.1 查看可以安装的版本

apt-cache search aarch64-linux-gnu

cpp-9-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU C preprocessor
cpp-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU C preprocessor (cpp) for the arm64 architecture
g++-9-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU C++ compiler (cross compiler for arm64 architecture)
g++-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU C++ compiler for the arm64 architecture
gcc-9-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU C compiler (cross compiler for arm64 architecture)
gcc-9-aarch64-linux-gnu-base - GCC，GNU 编译器套装（基本软件包）
gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU C compiler for the arm64 architecture
binutils-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU binary utilities, for aarch64-linux-gnu target
binutils-aarch64-linux-gnu-dbg - GNU binary utilities, for aarch64-linux-gnu target (debug symbols)
cpp-10-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU C 预处理器
g++-10-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU C++ compiler (cross compiler for arm64 architecture)
gcc-10-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU C compiler (cross compiler for arm64 architecture)
gcc-10-aarch64-linux-gnu-base - GCC，GNU 编译器套装（基本软件包）
gccgo-10-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Go compiler
gccgo-9-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Go compiler
gccgo-aarch64-linux-gnu - Go compiler (based on GCC) for the arm64 architecture
cpp-8-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU C preprocessor
g++-8-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU C++ compiler (cross compiler for arm64 architecture)
gcc-10-plugin-dev-aarch64-linux-gnu - Files for GNU GCC plugin development.
gcc-8-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU C compiler (cross compiler for arm64 architecture)
gcc-8-aarch64-linux-gnu-base - GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (base package)
gcc-8-plugin-dev-aarch64-linux-gnu - Files for GNU GCC plugin development.
gcc-9-plugin-dev-aarch64-linux-gnu - Files for GNU GCC plugin development.
gccgo-8-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Go compiler
gdc-10-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU D compiler (version 2) (cross compiler for arm64 architecture)
gdc-8-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU D compiler (version 2) (cross compiler for arm64 architecture)
gdc-9-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU D compiler (version 2) (cross compiler for arm64 architecture)
gdc-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU D compiler (based on GCC) for the arm64 architecture
gfortran-10-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Fortran compiler
gfortran-8-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Fortran compiler
gfortran-9-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Fortran compiler
gfortran-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Fortran 95 compiler for the arm64 architecture
gm2-10-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Modula-2 compiler (cross compiler for arm64 architecture)
gm2-9-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Modula-2 compiler (cross compiler for arm64 architecture)
gm2-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Modula-2 compiler (based on GCC) for the arm64 architecture
gnat-10-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Ada compiler
gnat-8-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Ada compiler
gnat-8-sjlj-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Ada compiler (setjump/longjump runtime library)
gnat-9-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Ada compiler
gobjc++-10-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Objective-C++ compiler
gobjc++-8-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Objective-C++ compiler
gobjc++-9-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Objective-C++ compiler
gobjc++-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Objective-C++ compiler for the arm64 architecture
gobjc-10-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Objective-C compiler
gobjc-8-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Objective-C compiler
gobjc-9-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Objective-C compiler

6.1  gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu

sudo apt-get install gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu gcc-5-aarch64-linux-gnu

6.2 设置ARM gcc版本

sudo update-alternatives  --install /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc-5 5

sudo update-alternatives  --install /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc-7 7

6.3 选择gcc-5

 $ sudo update-alternatives --config aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc

There are 2 choices for the alternative aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc (providing /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc).

  Selection    Path                              Priority   Status
------------------------------------------------------------
* 0            /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc-7   7         auto mode
  1            /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc-5   5         manual mode
  2            /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc-7   7         manual mode

Press <enter> to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number: 1
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc-5 to provide /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc (aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc) in manual mode

6.4 查看版本

aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc -v

7 编译内核

 配置内核硬件环境

Makefile

#ARCH        ?= $(SUBARCH)
#CROSS_COMPILE    ?= $(CONFIG_CROSS_COMPILE:"%"=%)

ARCH        ?= arm64
CROSS_COMPILE    ?= aarch64-linux-gnu-

make menuconfig:

Platform Selection

[*] ARMv8 Software model (Versatile Express )

ARM VersatileExpress开发板（简称VE板）是ARM公司推出的，提供给厂商评估ARM内核的高效的软硬件平台

Q1:

security/selinux/include/classmap.h:245:2: error: #error New address family defined, please update secclass_map.
  245 | #error New address family defined, please update secclass_map.

Instead of relying on the host definition, include linux/socket.h in
classmap.h to have PF_MAX.

Q2:

编译linux内核版本4.19编译scripts目录时报错
查询报错文件sign-file.c文件，报错内容为fatal error: openssl/opensslv.h: No such file or directory
根据查找为编译环境中缺少libcrypto库，编译环境为ubuntu环境
安装libcrypto库命令

sudo apt-get install libssl-dev

Q3:

make[1]: *** 没有规则可制作目标“debian/canonical-certs.pem”,由“certs/x509

签名：不需要

CONFIG_SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYS=""

CONFIG_SYSTEM_REVOCATION_KEYS="
 

Q4:

aarch64-linux-gnu-ld: arch/arm64/kernel/traps.o: in function `arm64_ftr_reg_user_value':
/home/lx/work/linux/linux-4.14.10/./arch/arm64/include/asm/cpufeature.h:191: undefined reference to `__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch_v1'
aarch64-linux-gnu-ld: /home/lx/work/linux/linux-4.14.10/./arch/arm64/include/asm/cpufeature.h:191: undefined reference to `__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch_v1'
aarch64-linux-gnu-ld: /home/lx/work/linux/linux-4.14.10/./arch/arm64/include/asm/cpufeature.h:191: undefined reference to `__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch_v1'
aarch64-linux-gnu-ld: arch/arm64/kernel/traps.o: in function `ctr_read_handler':
/home/lx/work/linux/linux-4.14.10/arch/arm64/kernel/traps.c:493: undefined reference to `__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch_v1'
aarch64-linux-gnu-ld: arch/arm64/kernel/traps.o: in function `pt_regs_write_reg':
/home/lx/work/linux/linux-4.14.10/./arch/arm64/include/asm/ptrace.h:243: undefined reference to `__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch_v1'
aarch64-linux-gnu-ld: arch/arm64/kernel/traps.o:/home/lx/work/linux/linux-4.14.10/./arch/arm64/include/asm/ptrace.h:243: more undefined references to `__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch_v1' follow
make: *** [Makefile:1008: vmlinux] Error 1

8 qemu启动内核

qemu-system-aarch64 -machine virt -cpu cortex-a57 -machine type=virt -nographic -m 2048 -smp 2 -kernel arch/arm64/boot/Image  --append "rdinit=/linuxrc console=ttyAMA0"

9 挂载硬盘

查看硬盘

$ fdisk -l  
设备                起点       末尾      扇区  大小 类型
/dev/nvme0n1p1      2048     534527    532480  260M EFI 系统
/dev/nvme0n1p2    534528     567295     32768   16M Microsoft 保留
/dev/nvme0n1p3    567296  401051647 400484352  191G Microsoft 基本数据
/dev/nvme0n1p4 401051648  579309567 178257920   85G Microsoft 基本数据
/dev/nvme0n1p5 579309568  998739255 419429688  200G Microsoft 基本数据
/dev/nvme0n1p6 998742016 1000204287   1462272  714M Windows 恢复环 table

$ sudo fdisk /dev/sda  
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel  
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xcd6d4a4c.  
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.  
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.  
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)  
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to  
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to  
         sectors (command 'u').  
Command (m for help): n  
Command action  
   e   extended  
   p   primary partition (1-4)  
p  
Partition number (1-4): 1  
First cylinder (1-8, default 1):   
Using default value 1  
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-8, default 8):   
Using default value 8  
Command (m for help): p  
Disk /dev/sda: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes  
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes  
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
Disk identifier: 0xcd6d4a4c  
      Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks  Id System
        /dev/sda1               1         652     5237158+ 83 Linux