J9 Digital Science Popularization: how does the double consensus of Sui network work?

Sui It is a new blockchain , Besides using Rust Programming development and integration Move Outside the smart contract , The parallel consensus is Sui The core of the Internet , This article focuses on explaining this part .

Traditional blockchain is a shared ledger built by many validators , Every time the verifier wants to add incrementally to the blockchain , Be able to make block proposals and sort them . The final state is agreed .

Most transactions in the network are not interdependent with any other part of the blockchain state , therefore Sui The network uses this idea , To achieve parallelism .

The general way is ,Sui Lock data related to a transaction , Will verify independence . utilize Move Ownership model , This method can be further extended to more transactions . In this way, all transactions are a channel , such “ Multichannel ” Method can be used as a way of transaction validation , They don't influence each other , In parallel .

Sui Two consensus agreements are needed ：

1.  Deal with simple transactions based on Byzantine consensus broadcasting protocols , That is, the ledger consensus .

2.  Independent agreement of causality to deal with independent transactions .

This represents , After the independent verification of the transaction, it needs some gas Consume .

Officials point out that this process probably requires 200 millisecond , The total confirmation time is 2-3 In seconds . This consumption demand , It is necessary to safely combine the two consensus protocols . Other blockchain metropolises will directly submit transactions to the consensus agreement for separate completion .

In order to find the verification logic of this idea .

The author thought about the process of trading out , For traditional blockchain , After a transaction is sent , It will be synchronized to the network first , Wait for the verification node to verify , This process is an uncertain process , After the transaction is packaged , Will continue broadcasting , Because there must be a competition process with the longest chain , Whether it's pos still pow, There will be this process , This is also a relatively floating process .

Seems to be ,Sui First, use causality to quickly verify the transaction , Then let the consensus verify the transaction proof , Twice , Are designed faster than traditional consensus .

Let's find some data of these two consensuses .

firstly ： Each client submits a batch 100 transaction （ namely , Transferred to the 100 Different recipients ）, With a signature . This configuration realizes the expected usage mode of highly scalable blockchain . for example , A large-scale hosted wallet or game server may need to submit hundreds or thousands of online transactions per second . Batch size is 1 when , Running on a machine 8 The nuclear verifier can handle 20,000 TPS, And as more cores are added , Throughput shows the same linear growth .

second ： By 2022 year 3 month 19 Japan , stay 8 nucleus M1 Macbook Pro Unoptimized simplex running on Sui The verifier can execute and submit every second 120,000 individual token Transfer transactions (TPS). Throughput is linear with the number of cores , The same machine processes in a single core configuration 25,000 TPS.

As you can see above , When the network is not fully distributed , Its performance is as follows 20000tps-25000tps, And obviously , When the network starts to be built in a distributed structure , because p2p The reason of network communication , The second consensus in the network , That is, the consensus to determine the consistency of the ledger will be affected , It will also affect its performance .

Sui The design of the network , At present, it basically benefits from DAG Confirmation method , Parallel transactions , Can spread the pressure , At least , On the consumption of network resources , You can jump out of the consensus operation idea of blockchain such as Ethereum , To see the possibility ,Sui The network will soon go online to test the network , After the launch, the official will release more test data , At that time, it can be analyzed in detail again .

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