[rust] Why do I suggest you learn rust | a preliminary study of rust

One 、Rust Characteristics

Rust It's a multi paradigm 、 Universal programming language , Designed to improve performance and security , Especially security concurrency . Rust Grammatically similar to C++, But you can use the borrowing checker to verify references to ensure memory security . Rust Memory security without garbage collection , And the reference count is optional . Rust It is called system programming language , In addition to advanced features such as functional programming , It also provides a low-level memory management mechanism .

Rust First appeared in 2010 year , from Mozilla Research Of Graydon Hoare Design ,Dave Herman、Brendan Eich Others have also made contributions . The designer is writing Servo Experimental browser engine and Rust The compiler improves the language . Rust The main impacts include C++、OCaml、Haskell and Erlang. It has gained more and more use and investment in the industry , Including Amazon 、 Microsoft 、Facebook、Discord and Dropbox.

Rust The language aims to develop reliable and robust systems in a simple way . Rust It can be used to repair advanced software and hardware specific programs .

[ Failed to transfer the external chain picture , The origin station may have anti-theft chain mechanism , It is suggested to save the pictures and upload them directly (img-VbrHVu2n-1658198463175)(https://cdn.metalyoung.com/2022/07/1658198391278.svg)]

Two 、 Quickly understand

1. Installation environment

MacOS Lower installation Rust It's simple .

curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh

info: downloading installer

Welcome to Rust!

This will download and install the official compiler for the Rust
programming language, and its package manager, Cargo.

Rustup metadata and toolchains will be installed into the Rustup
home directory, located at:

  /Users/xiaoyu/.rustup

This can be modified with the RUSTUP_HOME environment variable.

The Cargo home directory is located at:

  /Users/xiaoyu/.cargo

This can be modified with the CARGO_HOME environment variable.

The cargo, rustc, rustup and other commands will be added to
Cargo's bin directory, located at:

  /Users/xiaoyu/.cargo/bin

This path will then be added to your PATH environment variable by
modifying the profile files located at:

  /Users/xiaoyu/.profile
  /Users/xiaoyu/.bash_profile
  /Users/xiaoyu/.zshenv

You can uninstall at any time with rustup self uninstall and
these changes will be reverted.

Current installation options:


   default host triple: x86_64-apple-darwin
     default toolchain: stable (default)
               profile: default
  modify PATH variable: yes

1) Proceed with installation (default)
2) Customize installation
3) Cancel installation
>1

What we can get from the above is ：

• The official package manager is Cargo
• rust The installation path of is /Users/xiaoyu/.cargo/bin
• The script will automatically add environment variables to the configuration file

After a period of downloading , Finally, the installation is completed .

  stable-x86_64-apple-darwin installed - rustc 1.62.0 (a8314ef7d 2022-06-27)


Rust is installed now. Great!

To get started you may need to restart your current shell.
This would reload your PATH environment variable to include
Cargo's bin directory ($HOME/.cargo/bin).

To configure your current shell, run:
source "$HOME/.cargo/env"

2. View version

 ~ % rustc --version
rustc 1.62.0 (a8314ef7d 2022-06-27)

at present rust The version is 1.62.0

3. Hello World

Create a new file named HelloWorld.rs, The contents are as follows

fn main(){
    
   println!("Hello World !!");
}

main Function is the entrance of the whole application ,fn This method is even better than go Of func shorter .

perform rustc HelloWorld.rs, Compile the program . stay MacOS Under the environment of , We can get one HelloWorld The executable of .

Execute this file , We can see the output .

rust % ./HelloWorld 

Hello World !!

therefore ,Rust The application needs to be compiled , and Java 、Go It's the same , The difference in Python 、PHP .

3、 ... and 、 summary

Rust Compilation and execution are required , It's characterized by safety 、 Fast 、 Support concurrency .