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Explain the mobile control implementation of unity in detail

2022-07-28 20:53:00 【Dream small day young】

Preface

The last article wrote several Unity How to move in , There is physical movement , There are non physical movements, etc , Let's talk about this Unity Mobile control mode in , To combine the methods mentioned in the previous article , To use . General control is to process the role movement logic by obtaining user input , The user input device has a keyboard 、 mouse 、 Handle, etc , This article only introduces the most commonly used ways of keyboard and mouse control character movement .

Catalog

Front row reminders ： This article only represents personal views , For exchange and learning , If you have different opinions, please comment , The author must study hard , Day day up .

Video Explanation ：
Detailed explanation Unity Mobile control implementation _BiLiBiLi

Use of this article Translate To demonstrate mobile control , If you want to use other mobile methods , Update its mobile logic

One 、 Listen to the specified key Input.GetKey()

stay Input Class is specially used to listen for the specified key , Such as GetKey( Whether to press a key continuously )、GetKeyDown( Whether to press a key ), Can pass if Judge whether these keys are pressed to trigger the corresponding movement logic , Put the overall logic into the update function , Loop listening execution , To achieve the purpose of mobile control .

Use GetKey Function to monitor whether a key is pressed continuously , If you want to respond to multiple directions at the same time , Please don't write if…else form

    public float speed = 3.0f;
    void Update()
    {
        Move_Update();
    }
    private void Move_Update()
    {
        if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.W))
        {
            transform.Translate(Vector3.forward * speed * Time.deltaTime);
        }
        if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.S))
        {
            transform.Translate(Vector3.back * speed * Time.deltaTime);
        }
        if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.A))
        {
            transform.Translate(Vector3.left * speed * Time.deltaTime);
        }
        if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.D))
        {
            transform.Translate(Vector3.right * speed * Time.deltaTime);
        }
    }

Two 、 Monitor virtual key （ axial ） Input.GetAxis()

stay Input Class is also used to listen for axial , You can think of it this way ：
Unity Built in some virtual keys , among Vertical Means when you press “ On ” Key or “ Next ” Trigger on key ,Horizontal Means when you press “ Left ” or “ Right ” Trigger on key , The trigger returns a range of plus or minus 1 Of float value , And this return value can replace the Vertor.forward、back equivalence . The advantage of this definition is high portability , For example, this example can still work normally when transplanted to mobile phones , Triggered when you drag the rocker of the mobile phone screen upward Vertical, The rest is the same .

About GetAxis Details of the virtual key defined , You can go to Edit-Project Settings-Input Manager Find .

Use GetAxis Function to monitor whether the virtual key is continuously pressed , This kind of writing is more concise than the previous one , And the movement stops more softly , Compared with the previous one, you can see that it is obviously stiff

    public float speed = 3.0f;
    void Update()
    {
        Move_Update();
    }
    private void Move_Update()
    {
        Vector3 v = Input.GetAxis("Vertical") * Vector3.forward;
        Vector3 h = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal") * Vector3.right;
        // Multiply here by V3 The vector is for Translate, Because this function only accepts V3 vector 
        
        transform.Translate(v * speed * Time.deltaTime);
        transform.Translate(h * speed * Time.deltaTime);
    }

3、 ... and 、 Monitor virtual key Input.GetButton()

The last section said Unity Built in some virtual keys , among Vertical Means when you press “ On ” Key or “ Next ” Trigger on key … These are only for direction , Mouse and other real virtual control keys with axial direction . And for those with strong functionality , Like jumping , Shooting , Operations such as punching cannot be defined by axes ,Unity Then we define some virtual keys , For these functions . Monitor usage GetButton function .

About GetAxis Details of the virtual key defined , You can go to Edit-Project Settings-Input Manager Find .

Use GetAxis Function to listen for axial , Use GetButton Function to listen for virtual keys

Here's an example , Used GetButton To monitor the firing button （ Left mouse button ）、 Jump button （ Space ）, Because generally, the fire button is the left mouse button , Spaces are jumping . So these are conventional things . Of course, you can change , You can also jump with the left mouse button , As long as someone is willing to pay , After all, game engines are just tools .

    void Update()
    {
        if (Input.GetButtonDown("Jump"))
        {
            transform.GetComponent<Rigidbody>().AddForce(transform.up * 100);
        }
        if(Input.GetButtonDown("Fire1"))
        {
            Debug.Log(" FireStarter ！");
        }
    }

Four 、 Objects follow the mouse

In the previous example, we monitor virtual keys to control the movement of objects back and forth , This time we control the mouse movement to make the object follow , Still used Input Value in class , When the monitor key is set, and then when the mouse moves , It will trigger the return of a range between positive and negative 1 Of float value , As shown in the figure below , This is a screen range , Moving the mouse to the right of the screen returns greater than 0 And less than 1 Relative to the proportion of the screen , To the left is the opposite . If you just want the returned value to be positive or negative 1 Words , Avoid using GetAxis(), But use GetAxisRaw(), This example uses this method to demonstrate .

Repeat again about Input Details of the virtual key defined , You can go to Edit-Project Settings-Input Manager Find .

This example uses Mouse X and Mouse Y These two virtual keys .

This example is simply modified transform Of XZ Coordinates to achieve movement , To make accurate objects follow the mouse movement , You need to convert screen coordinates to world coordinates , Only through the displacement operation of the converted world coordinate position , The next example uses the knowledge of transforming coordinates .

    public float speed = 10f;
    void Update()
    {
        Move_Update();
    }
    private void Move_Update()
    {
        float mouseX = Input.GetAxisRaw("Mouse X");
        float mouseY = Input.GetAxisRaw("Mouse Y");
    
        transform.Translate(Vector3.right * mouseX * Time.deltaTime * speed);
        transform.Translate(Vector3.forward * mouseY * Time.deltaTime * speed);
    }

5、 ... and 、 Click the mouse to move the character

The above examples are all controlled by keyboard or mouse movement , There are also many games that move through mouse clicks , There are also many ways to get the location information when the mouse clicks , But the focus is on how to 2 The dimension plane is converted to 3 The actual location of the dimensional world , This involves the transformation between world coordinates and screen coordinates , And related knowledge of radiation , Readers may consult by themselves API understand . I will also write related articles in the future .

The idea of moving roles by clicking the mouse is as follows ： When the mouse clicks , Generate a ray from the current mouse click position , Get the real world coordinates through the screen through transformation , Then move the character to the corresponding position by updating the function

    private bool isNextMove = false;
    private Vector3 point;
    void Update()
    {
        Ray ray = Camera.main.ScreenPointToRay(Input.mousePosition);
        RaycastHit hitInfo;

        if (Input.GetMouseButtonDown(0))
        // When the mouse clicks , To trigger radiographic testing 
        {
            if (Physics.Raycast(ray, out hitInfo))
            // When the ground is detected 
            {
                isNextMove = true;
                point = hitInfo.point;
                // take isNextMove Set to true, Then save the current impact point position 
            }
        }

        if(isNextMove == true)
        // When isNextMove It's true , Then keep calling Move
        {
            Move(point);
        }
    }
    void Move(Vector3 pos)
    {
        // Use Vector3 To move the position 
        transform.position = Vector3.MoveTowards(transform.position, pos, Time.deltaTime * 3.0f);

        if (transform.position == pos)
        // When the target reaches the position , take isNextMove Set as false, Wait for the next move command 
            isNextMove = false;
    }