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多进程编程(五):信号量
2022-07-02 23:05:00 【HDD615】
参考链接:信号量
进程间通信方式的区别
1、首先最简单的就是管道,管道又分为匿名管道和有名管道
匿名管道只能用于具有亲属关系的进程间通信,单向传输;如果想要双向通信,就要设置两个管道;匿 名管道是一种特殊的文件,存在内核中的缓冲区,传输数据是无格式的字节流数据,大小受限制。
而有名管道,通过在文件系统中创建文件的方式,解决了匿名管道只能用于具有亲属关系的进程通信的 问题,从而无关系的进程也可以进行通信。
2、消息队列,实际上是内核中的一个消息链表,它克服了管道通信数据是无格式的字节流的问题。但是消息队列的通信速度不及时,因为每次数据的写入和读取都要经过用户态和内核态的拷贝
3、共享内存,通过直接在内存中分配一个共享内存空间,解决了数据拷贝的问题,多个进程都可以通过地址来直接访问这块共享的内存空间,但是多个进程同时竞争可能会出现数据的错乱
共享内存是最高效的一种方式
4、信号量,是一种进程同步的一种手段,可以用来保护共享资源,确保任一时刻只有一个进程在访问共享资源。
通常用来和共享内存一块使用,也就是在获得锁之后,再对共享内存进行操作(写/读)
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