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PWM的原理和PWM波的产生
2022-07-27 10:59:00 【char~lie】
1.定义
脉冲宽度调制(Pulse width modulation,PWM),简单来说就是通过调节方波占空比达到代替其他波形的效果。因为是数字信号,不易受干扰。
2.电路实现

如图,正弦波是输入信号,三角波是载波信号,在两者的交点之间输出高电平,因为三角波周期一定,所以输出的就是周期一定,占空比改变的PWM波,电路的实现需要一个三角波发生器,一个电压比较器就能实现。
下图是TI官网给的PWM发生器电路。
3.SPWM
SPWM:正弦波脉宽调制。
SPWM波形定义是把正弦半波分成N等分,每等分和横坐标包围的面积用和它面积相等的等高矩形代替,可得到N个矩形脉冲,如下:
在SPWM法交-直-交变频调速中,SPWM法相比六拍阶梯波能输出更接近正弦波的电压,使高次谐波成分减少,且电网功率因数接近1,大大提高系统性能。
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