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ELK日志收集系统部署

2022-06-23 15:54:00 【用户7353950】

日志在计算机系统中是一个非常广泛的概念，任何程序都有可能输出日志：操作系统内核、各种应用服务器等等。日志的内容、规模和用途也各不相同，很难一概而论。

Web日志中包含了大量人们——主要是产品分析人员会感兴趣的信息，最简单的，我们可以从中获取网站每类页面的PV值（PageView，页面访问量）、独立IP数（即去重之后的IP数量）等；稍微复杂一些的，可以计算得出用户所检索的关键词排行榜、用户停留时间最高的页面等；更复杂的，构建广告点击模型、分析用户行为特征等等。

今天给大家介绍一款日志分析工具:ELK

ELK由Elasticsearch、Logstash和Kibana三部分组件组成；

Elasticsearch 是基于 JSON 的分布式搜索和分析引擎，专为实现水平扩展、高可用和管理便捷性而设计

Logstash 是开源的服务器端数据处理管道，能够同时从多个来源采集数据、转换数据，然后将数据发送到您最喜欢的 “存储库” 中。（我们的存储库当然是 Elasticsearch。）

Kibana 能够以图表的形式呈现数据，并且具有可扩展的用户界面，供您全方位配置和管理 Elastic Stack。

今天的试验是:通过ELK分析线上所有Nginx的访问日志。

一、试验拓扑图

二、软件包获得

Nginx下载http://nginx.org/en/download.html

Redis下载 https://redis.io/

Elasticsearch logstash kibana下载 https://www.elastic.co/downloads

三，开始部署

3.1）业务机部署A

业务机:192.168.1.242/24

OS：rhel6.5

涉及软件:nginx+logstash+redis+jdk

软件包准备：根据上述的提示下载软件包

[[email protected] opt]# ls

jdk-8u144-linux-x64.rpm logstash-5.5.1.tar.gz nginx-1.13.4.tar.gz redis-4.0.1.tar.gz

3.1.1）安装JDK

[[email protected] opt]# rpm -ivh jdk-8u144-linux-x64.rpm

Preparing... ####################################### [100%]

1:jdk1.8.0_144 ######################################## [100%]

Unpacking JAR files...

tools.jar...

plugin.jar...

javaws.jar...

deploy.jar...

rt.jar...

jsse.jar...

charsets.jar...

localedata.jar...

设置java环境变量

[[email protected] opt]# vim /root/.bash_profile 末尾追加一下内容

JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_144

PATH=JAVA_HOME/bin:PATH:

CLASSPATH=.:JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar

export PATH JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH CATALINA_HOME

生效配置并验证

[[email protected] opt]# source /root/.bash_profile

[[email protected] opt]# java -version

java version "1.8.0_144"

Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_144-b01)

Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.144-b01, mixed mode)

3.1.2）安装redis

[[email protected] opt]# tar xf redis-4.0.1.tar.gz

[[email protected] opt]# cd redis-4.0.1

[[email protected] redis-4.0.1]# make

[[email protected] redis-4.0.1]# make install

配置redis

[[email protected] redis-4.0.1]# sed -i -r '/^(bind)/s/127.0.0.1/0.0.0.0/' redis.conf

[[email protected] redis-4.0.1]# sed -i -r '/^(daemonize)/s/no/yes/' redis.conf

启动redis

[[email protected] redis-4.0.1]# redis-server redis.conf

5789:C 30 Aug 11:09:58.584 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo

5789:C 30 Aug 11:09:58.584 # Redis version=4.0.1, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=5789, just started

5789:C 30 Aug 11:09:58.584 # Configuration loaded

验证启动

[[email protected] redis-4.0.1]# lsof -i :6379

COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME

redis-ser 5790 root 6u IPv4 18672 0t0 TCP *:6379 (LISTEN)

3.1.3）安装nginx

[[email protected] opt]# tar xf nginx-1.13.4.tar.gz

[[email protected] opt]# cd nginx-1.13.4

[[email protected] nginx-1.13.4]# yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel

[[email protected] nginx-1.13.4]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx

[[email protected] nginx-1.13.4]# make

[[email protected] nginx-1.13.4]# make install

修改nginx配置文件，重新定义log_format 以json格式输出日志到access.log

[[email protected] nginx-1.13.4]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/

[[email protected] conf]# vim nginx.conf

启动nginx并验证

[[email protected] conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

[[email protected] conf]# lsof -i :80

COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME

nginx 10765 root 6u IPv4 24510 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)

nginx 10766 nobody 6u IPv4 24510 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)

访问一次nginx 验证日志格式是否正确

3.1.4）安装logstash

[[email protected] opt]# tar xf logstash-5.5.1.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

[[email protected] opt]# cd /usr/local/logstash-5.5.1/

[[email protected] logstash-5.5.1]# mkdir conf.d

[[email protected] logstash-5.5.1]# vim conf.d/nginx_to_redis

input {

file {

path => ["/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log"]

type => "nginx_log"

codec => json

}

output {

redis{

host => "192.168.1.242"

key => 'logstash:redis'

data_type => 'channel'

port => '6379'

}

stdout {

codec => rubydebug

}

启动logstash 并测试是否成功收集nginx日志到redis

[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/logstash-5.5.1/bin/logstash -f /usr/local/logstash-5.5.1/conf.d/nginx_to_redis

查看启动日志

[[email protected] logstash-5.5.1]# tailf /usr/local/logstash-5.5.1/logs/logstash-plain.log

测试日志收集

Logstash收集日志输出

开启redis 监控

3.2）业务机部署B

业务机:192.168.1.241/24

OS：rhel6.5

涉及软件:elasticsearch+logstash+kibana

[[email protected] opt]# ls

elasticsearch-5.5.1.rpm

kibana-5.5.1-x86_64.rpm

jdk-8u144-linux-x64.rpm

logstash-5.5.1.tar.gz

3.2.1）安装jdk

参考242设置

3.2.2）安装elasticsearch

[[email protected] opt]# rpm -ivh elasticsearch-5.5.1.rpm

warning: elasticsearch-5.5.1.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA512 Signature, key ID d88e42b4: NOKEY

Preparing... ######################################## [100%]

Creating elasticsearch group... OK

Creating elasticsearch user... OK

1:elasticsearch ######################################## [100%]

### NOT starting on installation, please execute the following statements to configure elasticsearch service to start automatically using chkconfig

sudo chkconfig --add elasticsearch

### You can start elasticsearch service by executing

sudo service elasticsearch start

配置elasticsearch

[[email protected] opt]# sed -i -r '/^(#network.host:)/cnetwork.host: 0.0.0.0' /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml

[[email protected] opt]# sed -i -r '/^(#http.port:)/chttp.port: 9200' /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml

[[email protected] opt]# sed -i -r '/^(#bootstrap.memory_lock:)/cbootstrap.memory_lock: falsenbootstrap.system_call_filter: false' /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml

优化系统

[[email protected] opt]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf 末尾追加

elasticsearch soft nproc 10240

elasticsearch hard nproc 10240

* soft nofile 65540

* hard nofile 65540

重启计算机生效

启动elasticsearch

[[email protected] opt]# /etc/init.d/elasticsearch start

Starting elasticsearch: [ OK ]

验证

3.2.3）安装logstash