Install and configure Debian on a wired network

Preface

I want to debian Use as a desktop system . There is no wired network card in the notebook , Only wireless network card , So when installing the system , Only one basic operating system can be installed .
If you want to install the program （ use apt）, All need network support , Therefore, if you want to connect to the Internet, you must first install the wireless network card driver .

Online methods are all the same apt install firware-iwlwifi, However , The premise of using this command is that there is a network .
Offline installation , It really hurts , It's troublesome to find the software package first , Fortunately, I was able to solve this most important problem , Of course , There are a series of other problems after successfully installing the desktop .

Install the basic operating system

First , We are installing offline , So there is no desktop available , Equivalent to the server version .
It is impossible to recognize Chinese in this environment , So remember to choose Chinese when installing , otherwise , When you use commands , There will be some. ’‘, Because I can't recognize Chinese （ But it should be able to pass later dpkg-reconfigure locales Adjust to English ）.

Server configuration wifi

Our first problem is networking , Of course , Here it means WIFI.
First , use ip a List ip Information , See if there is a wireless network card inside , It's usually w start , Such as wlan0、wlps20f3.
without , It means that you, like me, don't have a wireless card driver , Self installation required .

Download driver

Find a computer that can connect to the Internet , Such as your windows, Go to https://pkgs.org download wpasupplicant

Version to correspond , My is debian11, So choose the first .

Find the download link , Copy to browser for download .（ In fact, here, learn how to view the directory structure of the mirror station according to this link ）.

Copy to your U disc .

download wpasupplicant

The same steps as downloading the driver


however , There are dependent packages , We need to download dependencies manually , According to the actual measurement , You need to download this in the dependency 4 individual ：libnl-3-200、libnl-route-3-200、lib-genl-3-200、libsclite-1.
hold wpasupplicantXXX.deb And its four dependencies are copied to your U disc .

Install the drive and wpasupplicant

be familiar with debian The software packages of series should be installed offline , But take care of the novice , again .
Above we have what we need deb The packages have been copied to U disc .
start-up debian, Insert U disc .

1. Check the disk , Find yours in it U disc （ You can find it by looking at the capacity ）:fdisk -l
   My is /dev/sdb1.
2. mount U disc ：moutn /dev/sdb1 /mnt
3. cd /mnt Get into U Disk mount directory
4. cp *.deb ~ Copy to your working directory
5. dpkg -i *.deb
6. dpkg -i *.deb（ To prevent not installing in dependent order , We can install it twice without brain , Anyway, the repeated ones will not be installed ）
7. modprobe -r iwlwifi
modprobe iwlwifi

To configure wifi

Connect

ip a # Check the interface name of your wireless network card , This time there should be , such as `wlan0`、`wlps2sf30`
wpa_supplicant wifi name  wifi password  > /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant- Wireless network card interface .conf# Generate wifi The configuration file 
wpa_supplicant -i  Wireless network card interface  -c /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant- Infinite network card interface  -B
dhclient

Set up auto connect when power on

Add a wireless network connection as a service , Boot up

systemctl start [email protected] Wireless network card interface 
systemctl status [email protected] Wireless network card interface  ## Check for success 
systemctl enable [email protected] Wireless network card interface 

DHCP Pattern

vi /etc/network/interfaces

Add below ：

allow-hotplug  Wireless network card interface 
iface  Infinite network card interface  inet dhcp

Restart to complete .

Desktop prerequisites

Configure environment variables

First use debian, Unexpectedly, I found that there was no poweroff、reboot Wait for the order , You need to add environment variables ：

echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/sbin' >> /etc/profile

Then restart ：/sbin/reboot

apt Source change

At this time, we not only have no desktop , Not even wget、curl, and /etc/apt/sources.list It seems to be " Safe version of ".
Unable to access the Internet conveniently , So changing the source also requires the help of other computers .
Find a machine that can surf the Internet , Go to Alibaba mirror station copy One copy debian Of apt It's from you U disc （ Write it down as sources.list）.
start-up debian Insert U disc :

mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt
cp /mnt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list
apt update
apt upgrade

install Gnome desktop

apt install gnome
reboot

Shortcut key

After installing the desktop, I found that there was no way to open the terminal option by right clicking ,CTRL ALT + T Also invalid , So we need to be on our own settings Add .
Because I have configured , So here is Chinese , I think you should be able to compare the options in English .

Desktop configuration network

After installing the desktop , As a result, I expected ：gnome The network icon in the upper right corner of the desktop ( Three displays ) Show not connected , Because we couldn't find it adaptor, But in fact, it can be connected , If the previous configuration is completed ,ping baidu.com can ping through ,
Got it , The desktop should be NetworkManager To manage the network , And we are in the server stage without desktop , It's through /etc/interfaces+wpa_supplicant To connect WiFi Of , This method is associated with NetworkManager There will be conflict , In order to see our networking status visually , You need to switch to NetworkManager. Of course , If you can accept that the upper right corner always shows disconnected （ Although it is actually connected ）, You can also skip this step .

apt install NetworkManager
systemctl start NetworkManager
systemctl enable NetworkManager

rm /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant*.conf ## Delete file , Otherwise it will conflict 
systemctl disable wpa_supplicant ## No auto start 
reboot

Configure Chinese and input method

Switch Chinese

In the server stage, we use English to install , Switch to Chinese ：

dpkg-reconfigure locales

Take these three zh_CN Also tick .

It didn't take effect, remember reboot

typewriting

ibus It's been used for a long time , It's really hard to use , The main reason is that the choice of words is not intelligent , Is so stupid , I can't find the word I want .
This time I tried Googlepinyin、 Sogou Pinyin , I think Sogou is better .

You need to uninstall ibus, Then install fcitx frame , Final installation sougoupinyin.

## dpkg -P ibus #dpkg It seems that you can't uninstall , use apt
apt purge ibus 
apt autoremove
apt install fcitx

After successful installation , Find... In the application " typewriting ", Or terminal input im-config, hold fcitx Just tick it .

Open your own Firefox browser , Go to Sogou official website to download that linux Version of deb package ,dpkg -i sougou*.deb Install it .
Then open... In the application fcitx To configure , Or terminal fcitx-configtool

Shortcut keys I am used to using the system super+space, However, you need to set in the shortcut key super+space Ban ,


Sogou has a font status bar , There will be fcitx Just hide the status bar of .

Other questions

use debian Somewhat ubuntu No problem , Such as no sudo、 No, man command 、vim To configure vimrc There is no color after , It's all pretty simple .
For one thing cited, ten thousand may have been left out , Only the above key issues are listed here , The rest can be understood by yourself .

Reference article

debian How to install wifi drive _Debian How to install the wireless network card driver
Linux Debian: Command line connection wifi To configure , The solution is DELL Dell and Thinkpad Lenovo Wicd No wireless network problems found （ use ifup or nmcli ）
Debian Use wpa_supplicant Software package for network settings