10 common software architecture modes

For the design of large enterprise level systems , You must choose a suitable architecture , It will give us the functionality and quality attributes we need . below , Understand different architectures first .

- What is architecture pattern -

According to Wikipedia ,

 Architecture patterns are generic solutions to common problems in software architecture in a given context 、 Reusable solutions . Architecture pattern is similar to software design pattern , But more broadly .

In this paper , I will briefly introduce the following 10 Common architecture patterns , And its use 、 Advantages and disadvantages .

Hierarchical mode

This pattern can be used to build programs that can be decomposed into subtask groups , Each of them is at a specific level of abstraction . Every time we serve higher levels .
The most common in general information systems 4 The layers are divided as follows ：
Presentation layer The presentation layer （ That is to say UI layer ）
Application layer application layer （ That is the service layer ）
Business logic layer Business logic layer （ It's the domain level ）
Data access layer Data access layer （ Data persistence layer ）

application

General desktop applications
Electronic Commerce Web Applications

- client - Server mode -

The model consists of two parts ： One server and multiple clients , The server provides services to multiple clients . The client makes a request to the server , The server provides services to these clients , after , The server continues to listen for requests from clients .

application

Online applications , E-mail 、 File sharing and banking

- A master-slave mode -

The model is also divided into two parts ： Master module and slave module . The master module distributes work between the same slave modules , And calculate the final result according to the structure returned from the module .

application

In database replication , The master database is considered the authoritative data source , And keep it in sync with the database
Peripheral devices connected to the computer system bus （ Master and slave drives ）

- Pipeline filter mode -

This pattern can be used to build systems that generate and process data streams . Each processing step is contained in a filter component , Data to be processed is piped . These pipes can be used to buffer or synchronize .

application

compiler . Lexical analysis is performed using different filters in turn 、 analysis 、 Syntax analysis and code generation
Workflow in bioinformatics

- Broker Pattern -

This pattern uses decoupled components to build distributed systems , These components can interact through remote service calls . The agent component is responsible for coordinating communication between components .
Servers put their functions （ Services and features, etc ） Publish to agent , Client requests service from agent , The agent then forwards the client request to the appropriate service according to its registry .

application

Message broker software , Such as Apache ActiveMQ, Apache Kafka, RabbitMQ and JBoss Messaging.

- P2P Pattern -

In this mode , Each individual component is called a peer （ Or peer ,peer）. A peer can act as a client （ Request services from other peers ）, It can also act as a server （ Providing services to other peers ）. The same peer may be both a client , It's the server again , And it can dynamically change its role .

application

File sharing network , Such as Gnutella and G2
Multimedia protocol , Such as P2PTV and PDTP
Cryptocurrency based products , Such as bitcoin and blockchain

- Things bus mode -

This pattern mainly deals with components , Yes 4 An important component ： Event source 、 Event Listener 、 Channel and event bus . The event source sends the message to a specific channel on the event bus , Listeners subscribe to specific channels . When the message is sent to the channel , Listeners that subscribe to the channel receive notification of the message .

application

Android Development
Notification services

- MVC Pattern -

This pattern divides the interactive application into three parts ,
Model —— Including core functions and data
View —— Show information to users （ You can define multiple views ）
controller —— Handle user input
This is done to separate the internal representation of the data from the form of user input and presentation , This decouples the components , At the same time, it can also make efficient code reuse .

application

Internet application architecture of mainstream programming languages
Network framework , Such as Django and Rails.

- Blackboard mode -

This pattern is useful for problems where there is no definitive solution , The blackboard model consists of three parts ：
blackboard —— A structured global memory , Contains objects in the solution domain
Knowledge source —— Professional module with its own meaning
Control components —— choice 、 Configuration and execution modules
All components have access to the blackboard , Components may generate new data objects to be added to the blackboard , Components look for specific types of data on the blackboard , And matching these data sources with existing patterns .

application

speech recognition
Vehicle identification and tracking
DNA Structural identification
Sonar signal interpretation

- Interpreter mode -

This pattern is often used to design components to interpret programs written in a dedicated language , It mainly specifies how to estimate program lines , A statement or expression written in a specific language . The basic idea is to design a class for each language symbol .

application

Database query language , Such as SQL
The language used to describe a communication protocol

- Architecture pattern comparison -