System test UI test summary and questions (interview)

One . The system test

1. Ease of use , function , Branch , The border , Performance and other functional and non functional needs should be tested

2. The need for intervention must be early , The earlier intervention can not only reduce costs , It also avoids unnecessary trouble in the follow-up work

3. Test cases should be as comprehensive as possible , It is best to test more with less test cases bug

4. You found one in the test bug, But the development manager doesn't think it's a bug, How should you solve .

1) If it is not a mistake, you should actively admit that it is not a defect .

2) If the requirements are not clear, strengthen communication with the developer to supplement the requirements .

3) If you argue with the developer endlessly, you should invite the superior to judge .

5. How to divide the defect level of software ？

​ serious ：

​ 1. A crash caused by a program , To withdraw illegally

​ 2. Dead cycle

​ 3. Database deadlock

​ 4. Program interruption due to wrong operation

​ 5. Function error

​ 6. Connection error with database

​ 7. Data communication error .

​ More serious ：

​ 1. Program error

​ 2. Program interface error

​ 3. Table of database 、 Business rules 、 The default value does not add constraints such as integrity .

​ generality ：

​ 1. Operation interface error （ Including the definition of column names in the data window 、 Is the meaning consistent ）

​ 2. Print the content 、 Format error

​ 3. Simple input restrictions are not placed in the foreground for control

​ 4. No prompt for deletion

​ 5. There are too many empty fields in the database table .

​ Suggest ：

​ 1. The interface is not standard

​ 2. The auxiliary description is not clear

​ 3. The input and output are not standardized

​ 4. Long operation did not prompt the user

​ 5. Prompt window text does not use industry terms

​ 6. There is no obvious distinction between the inputable area and the read-only area .

UI test

One . Automate usage scenarios ：

1. Stable demand , Scenes that do not change frequently .
2. Long R & D and maintenance cycle , Scenarios that require frequent regression testing .
3. Scenarios where the same test needs to be run repeatedly on multiple platforms .
4. Scenarios that cannot be achieved or cost too much through manual testing .
5. The development of the tested software is relatively standardized , And can guarantee the testability of the system .
6. Scenarios where testers already have programming capabilities .

Two .8 A basic positioning method ：

#id location 
driver.find_element_by_id() 

#name location 
driver.find_element_by_name()  

#class location 
driver.find_element_by_class_name()  

# Tag name positioning , Commonly used in iframe; Those with fewer labels can also be used , By taking the subscript 
driver.find_element_by_tag_name() 

#xpath location , It can be used firepath To get this location 
driver.find_element_by_xpath()  

#css location 
driver.find_element_by_css_selector() 

#a Text positioning of labels 
driver.find_element_by_link_text()  

#a Local text positioning of label 
driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text()   

3、 ... and . Basic usage ：

from selenium import webdriver
# Import selenium library 

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
# This is a Google drive 

driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')
# Open the web page 

print(driver.title)
# Output webpage title

driver.quit()
driver.close()
# Close the browser 

# The second kind 
driver_path=r"geckodriver.exe" # drive 
cls.driver=webdriver.Firefox(executable_path=driver_path)# Firefox 
cls.driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')
cls.driver.maximize_window()

 

Common methods of browser

driver.set_window_size(wide,high)
# Window width 、 high 

driver.back()
# Page back 

driver.forward()
# Page forward 

driver.refresh()
# page refresh 

driver.title
# Used to get the title of the current page 

driver.current_url
# The user gets the URL

driver.find_element_by_id("").clear()
# Clear text 

driver.find_element_by_id("").send_keys("selenium")
# Analog key input selenium

driver.find_element_by_id("").click()
# Stand alone element 

driver.find_element_by_id("").submit()
# Enter to submit 

driver.find_element_by_id("").text
# Get the text of the element 

The mouse operation

# The runtime needs to import 
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains

apple = driver.find_element_by_id("wk")

# To perform all  ActionChains  The behavior stored in ;
ActionChains(driver).context_click(apple).perform()
# Right click 

ActionChains(driver).double_click(apple).perform()
# double-click 

ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop(apple).perform()
# Drag the 

ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(apple).perform()
# Mouse hovering 

Keyboard operation

driver.find_element_by_id("").send_keys(Keys.CONTROL,'a') 
# Future generations （Ctrl+A）

driver.find_element_by_id("").send_keys(Keys.CONTROL,'c') 
# Copy （Ctrl+C）

driver.find_element_by_id("").send_keys(Keys.CONTROL,'x') 
# shear （Ctrl+X）

driver.find_element_by_id("").send_keys(Keys.CONTROL,'v') 
# Paste （Ctrl+V）

driver.find_element_by_id("").send_keys(Keys.F1)
# keyboard  F1

problem & solve

1.pyinstaller stay pycharm Download failed in , stay cmd Of pip install pyinstaller The download still failed

​ Solution ：

​ Download a pyinstaller-3.6-py2.py3-non-any.whl file , Input again

​ pip install pyinstaller-3.6-py2.py3-non-any.whl Download it （ To get into whl The directory where the file is located download ）

【 Be careful ： First configure the environment variables 】

2. pyinstaller Execute after packaging exe The program prompts that there is no module
   Solution ：
   run Where to put it exe Just put it there , Otherwise, change the import path in the module

3. There are often errors that the element cannot be found , The code is correct

​ The code runs too fast , The page hasn't been loaded yet , Add one more time.sleep()

4. use class Cannot locate element

​ Alone with class Attribute positioning , There may be multiple elements that are the same class attribute , You need to find the only... Of the target element One attribute positioning .

5.implicitly_wait(） And time.sleep() The difference between

​ (1)implicitly_wait(） Indicates an implicit wait , If the element cannot be found, it will be accessed circularly until the time runs out

​ (2)time.sleep() Indicates an explicit wait , Fixed waiting time

​ (3)WebDriverWait(driver, 20, 0.5).until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present())

​ Explicit waiting ： Explicit waiting is waiting for elements ; Before each element search, you need to emphasize ：

among ,20s Indicates the maximum waiting time ,0.5s Indicates the polling interval ; When an element is detected, it stops waiting , Perform the next action ;

6. Pop up window processing

If it is the pop-up window of the browser , That is, the element cannot be located , use switch_to_alert() Processing is ok . If it is a window written by developers , Direct operation with element positioning .

7.document The use of , Remove the added elements