[Reading Notes - > data analysis] 01 introduction to data analysis

Introduction to data analysis

Introduce

Chapter content

The concept of data 、 classification 、 Value and method of data analysis 、 Steps and tools

Examination content

1. Data and its classification
   （1） The basic concept of data
   （2） Classification of data
2. Value and acquisition of data
   （1） Value and acquisition of sample data
   （2） ⼤ Value and acquisition of data
3. The basic problem of data analysis
   （1） Characteristics of data analysis
   （2） Basic principles of data analysis
   （3） Data analysis ⼀ General steps
   （4） Data analysis is often ⽤⽅ Law
   （5） often ⽤ Data analysis software for

Assessment content

1. Data and its classification
   Recollection ： The concept of data 、 Data classification is often ⽤⽅ Law .
   Understand ： In different eyes ⻆ Next , The main characteristics of different types of data .
2. Value and acquisition of data
   Recollection ： The value of sample data 、⼤ The value of data .
   Understand ： Sample data and ⼤ Acquisition of data value ⽅ type .
3. The basic problem of data analysis
   Recollection ： Characteristics of data analysis 、 Data analysis is often ⽤⽅ Law 、 often ⽤ Data analysis software for
   Understand ： Basic principles of data analysis and ⼀ General steps .

Data and its classification

data , Simply speaking , Can be recorded 、 It can be called data in a certain sense .

Classification of data

Characteristics of big data

“5V” characteristic ：

• Volume（ Large volume ）
• Variety（ diversity ）
• Velocity（ timeliness ）
• Veracity（ accuracy ）
• Value（ Great value ）

Zero times 、 once 、 secondary 、 Cubic data concept

Raw data without processing -> Preprocessed structured data -> The data after further quantitative analysis -> Data that directly supports decision-making services

Value and acquisition of data

Data contains rich value , Data analysis is usually used to obtain value . Sample data And big data These are two typical data , Therefore, the book mainly introduces the value and acquisition of these two types of data .

The basic problem of data analysis

Characteristics of data analysis

• Data analysis is a process of combining qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis
• Statistical analysis is the main method of quantitative analysis
• Data analysis cannot operate independently of the phenomenon being studied
• The process of data analysis is a qualitative leap in understanding

Basic principles of data analysis

• Scientific principles
• The principle of objectivity
• The principle of purpose
• Systematic principle

General steps of data analysis

It can be summarized as “ Six steps ”, namely “ The goal is -> Route -> data -> Model -> test -> practice ”.

Common methods of data analysis

1. Qualitative analysis
   1. Inductive analysis
   2. Deductive analysis
   3. Comparative analysis
   4. Causal analysis
   5. Structural and functional analysis
2. Quantitative analysis
   1. Visual analysis
   2. Descriptive analysis
   3. Inferential analysis
   4. Intelligent data analysis

Commonly used data analysis software

1. Excel
2. R
3. Python
4. SPSS
5. SAS