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Oracle缩表空间的完整解决实例
2022-07-05 16:43:00 【1024问】
备注:
一. 需求
二. 解决方案
2.1 清理过期数据
2.2 收缩表空间
2.3 清理表碎片
2.4 直接把相关的表drop掉
2.5 把该表空间下其它的表移出此表空间
总结
备注:Oracle 11.2.0.4
一. 需求近期有一个日志库,占用了比较多的空间,需要将历史的清理,然后收缩空间。
如下图所示,4T的空间已经差不多用完。
二. 解决方案首先想到的是清理掉超过半年的数据,然后resize 表空间。
2.1 清理过期数据因为业务的表是 tablename_yearmonth格式,例如 log_202204,每个月一个表,所以直接进行truncate即可。
找到大表:
select t.segment_name,t.BYTES/1024/1024/1024 GB,t.segment_typefrom user_segments twhere t.segment_type in ('TABLE','TABLE PARTITION')order by nvl(t.BYTES/1024/1024/1024,0) desc;
truncate 大表:
select 'truncate table '|| t.TABLE_NAME ||';' from user_tables t where t.TABLE_NAME like 'LOG%';
2.2 收缩表空间select a.tablespace_name,a.file_name,a.totalsize as totalsize_MB,b.freesize as freesize_MB,'ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE ''' || a.file_name || ''' RESIZE ' ||round((a.totalsize - b.freesize) + 200) || 'M;' as "alter datafile"from (select a.file_name,a.file_id,a.tablespace_name,a.bytes / 1024 / 1024 as totalsizefrom dba_data_files a) a,(select b.tablespace_name,b.file_id,sum(b.bytes / 1024 / 1024) as freesizefrom dba_free_space bgroup by b.tablespace_name, b.file_id) bwhere a.file_id = b.file_idand b.freesize > 100and a.tablespace_name in ('TBS_LOG_DATA')order by a.tablespace_name
将上一步的 alter datafile语句拷贝出来执行:
有部分报错:
2.3 清理表碎片ORA-03297: file contains used data beyond requested RESIZE value
因为我使用的是truncate,理论上不会受高水位的影响,在网上找了几个博客,也是说要降低表的高水位,清理表碎片。
select 'alter table '||t.TABLE_NAME||' enable row movement;', 'alter table '||t.TABLE_NAME||' shrink space cascade;' from user_tables t where t.TABLE_NAME like 'LOG%';
清理完碎片之后,重新执行,依旧报错。
2.4 直接把相关的表drop掉select 'drop table '|| t.TABLE_NAME ||'purge;' from user_tables t where t.TABLE_NAME like 'LOG%';
drop掉表之后,重新执行,依旧报错。
2.5 把该表空间下其它的表移出此表空间万能的itpub上有个博客:
Truncate table 或者 drop table 收缩数据文件,经常遇到ORA-03297: file contains used data beyond requested RESIZE value 查询dba_free_space 也有空闲空间。经过查询MOS(Doc ID 1029252.6)得知
If you have a large extent in the middle of a datafile, and some object taking up room at the end of the datafile, you can use the query FINDEXT.SQL below to find this object. If you export this object, then drop it, you should then free up contiguous space at the end of your datafile so you will be able to resize it smaller.
Make sure you leave enough room in the datafile for importing the object back into the tablespace.
意思是说如果空闲的extent如果在文件的中间,此时无法进行resize ,必须把尾部的object drop 然后重建 再resize datafile。以下是本人做的测试;
[[email protected] ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jul 31 11:10:41 2013Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining optionsSQL> create tablespace test2 datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test2.dbf' size 10M autoextend on next 1M;Tablespace created.SQL> create table tab1 tablespace test2 as select * from dba_objects;Table created.SQL> select file#,name,bytes/1024/1024 bytes from v$datafile where name like '%test2%';FILE# NAME BYTES----- ------------------------------------------------------------ ----- 23 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test2.dbf 11SQL> create table tab2 tablespace test2 as select * from dba_objects;Table created.SQL> select file#,name,bytes/1024/1024 bytes from v$datafile where name like '%test2%';FILE# NAME BYTES----- ------------------------------------------------------------ ----- 23 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test2.dbf 21SQL> select SEGMENT_NAME,FILE_ID,EXTENT_ID,BLOCK_ID,blocks from dba_extents where file_id=23 order by BLOCK_ID;SEGMENT_NA FILE_ID EXTENT_ID BLOCK_ID BLOCKS---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------TAB1 23 0 9 8TAB1 23 1 17 8TAB1 23 2 25 8TAB1 23 3 33 8TAB1 23 4 41 8TAB1 23 5 49 8TAB1 23 6 57 8TAB1 23 7 65 8TAB1 23 8 73 8TAB1 23 9 81 8TAB1 23 10 89 8SEGMENT_NA FILE_ID EXTENT_ID BLOCK_ID BLOCKS---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------TAB1 23 11 97 8TAB1 23 12 105 8TAB1 23 13 113 8TAB1 23 14 121 8TAB1 23 15 129 8TAB1 23 16 137 128TAB1 23 17 265 128TAB1 23 18 393 128TAB1 23 19 521 128TAB1 23 20 649 128TAB1 23 21 777 128SEGMENT_NA FILE_ID EXTENT_ID BLOCK_ID BLOCKS---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------TAB1 23 22 905 128TAB1 23 23 1033 128TAB1 23 24 1161 128TAB2 23 0 1289 8TAB2 23 1 1297 8TAB2 23 2 1305 8TAB2 23 3 1313 8TAB2 23 4 1321 8TAB2 23 5 1329 8TAB2 23 6 1337 8TAB2 23 7 1345 8SEGMENT_NA FILE_ID EXTENT_ID BLOCK_ID BLOCKS---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------TAB2 23 8 1353 8TAB2 23 9 1361 8TAB2 23 10 1369 8TAB2 23 11 1377 8TAB2 23 12 1385 8TAB2 23 13 1393 8TAB2 23 14 1401 8TAB2 23 15 1409 8TAB2 23 16 1417 128TAB2 23 17 1545 128TAB2 23 18 1673 128SEGMENT_NA FILE_ID EXTENT_ID BLOCK_ID BLOCKS---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------TAB2 23 19 1801 128TAB2 23 20 1929 128TAB2 23 21 2057 128TAB2 23 22 2185 128TAB2 23 23 2313 128TAB2 23 24 2441 128
50 rows selected.
Block_id 是连续的
SQL> truncate table tab1 2 ;Table truncated.SQL> select * from dba_free_space where file_id=23;TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_ID BLOCK_ID BYTES BLOCKS RELATIVE_FNO-------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------------TEST2 23 17 ########## 1272 23TEST2 23 2569 ########## 120 23
有原来tab1 的free blocks 1272
SQL> alter database datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test2.dbf' resize 12M;alter database datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test2.dbf' resize 12M*ERROR at line 1:ORA-03297: file contains used data beyond requested RESIZE value
无法进行resize
下面把tab1 drop 再测试
SQL> drop table tab1 purge;Table dropped.SQL> alter database datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test2.dbf' resize 12M;alter database datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test2.dbf' resize 12M*ERROR at line 1:ORA-03297: file contains used data beyond requested RESIZE value
依然报错
然后truncate tab2 再进行测试
SQL> truncate table tab2;Table truncated.SQL> select * from dba_free_space where file_id=23;TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_ID BLOCK_ID BYTES BLOCKS RELATIVE_FNO-------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------------TEST2 23 9 ########## 1280 23TEST2 23 1297 ########## 1392 23SQL> alter database datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test2.dbf' resize 12M;Database altered.SQL> alter database datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test2.dbf' resize 6M;alter database datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test2.dbf' resize 6M*ERROR at line 1:ORA-03297: file contains used data beyond requested RESIZE value
此时只能收缩 tab2 的空间 但是不能收缩 tab1的空间
然后再drop tab2
SQL> drop table tab2 purge 2 ;Table dropped.SQL> alter database datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test2.dbf' resize 6M;Database altered.SQL> alter database datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test2.dbf' resize 1M;Database altered.
可以收缩tab1的空间
note:
收缩数据文件和两个因素有关
1 降低高水位
2 free extent在datafile 的尾部
本篇文章直接解释了第二个
如果空闲的extent如果在文件的中间,此时无法进行resize ,必须把尾部的object drop 然后重建 再resize datafile。
也就是说同时期该用户下其它表的写入,也在这个数据文件下,那么就不能进行resize。
把其它表移动到users表空间:
select 'alter index '||index_NAME||' rebuild tablespace users;' from user_indexes where TABLE_NAME not like 'LOG_%';select 'alter table '||TABLE_NAME||' move tablespace users;' from user_tables where TABLE_NAME not like 'LOG_%';
再次运行压缩空间,成功
2.6 查看压缩的空间
可以看到一下子多出了2.1T 的空间
收缩空间运行速度还不错,50多个数据文件,几分钟就压缩完成。
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