[today in history] June 16: Oracle Bone Inscriptions was established; Microsoft MSX was born; The inventor of fast Fourier transform was born

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It's today 2022 year 6 month 16 Japan , stay 2012 Years of today , China's Shenzhou 9 spacecraft was successfully launched . Shenzhou 9 spacecraft is a manned spacecraft in China's space program , It is one of the Shenzhou spacecraft series . Shenjiu is the first space laboratory project in China 921-2 Part of the plan , The manned rendezvous and docking between Tiangong and Shenjiu will open a very breakthrough chapter in China's space history . Review the history of science and Technology 6 month 16 Japan , What other key events have happened on this day ？

1915 year 6 month 16 Japan ： The inventor of the fast Fourier transform John Tukey born

Picture source ： Wikipedia

John · tukey （John Tukey） Born in 1915 year 6 month 16 Japan , He is an American mathematician , Is the inventor of the fast Fourier transform . Tukey won the National Medal of science , Society of electrical and Electronics Engineers Medal of honor , And foreign academicians of the Royal Academy of Sciences . Tuki is the tutor of Zhong Kailai, a Chinese probability expert , He is still 1947 With John · feng · When Neumann collaborated on early computer design , Introduced “ position ” The word as “ Binary numbers ” A compound word of , Created the term “ position ”（Bit）;1948 year , Another computer scientist, Claude · Shannon used... For the first time in an article “ byte ”（Byte） The word" . Tuki is also the first public use of software （Software） The word people .

John · Tukey was born in New Bedford, Massachusetts , His father is a Latin teacher , Mother is a private tutor . He was brought up by his mother , And only take regular courses in certain subjects such as French . Figure based on 1936 Bachelor's degree in ,1937 I studied chemistry from Brown University in , Then I transferred to Princeton University , I got my doctorate there . After completing the task entitled “ Countability in topology ” After my doctoral thesis , John · Tukey received his doctorate in mathematics .

During the Second World War , John · Tuji went to work in the fire control research office , And with Samuel Wilks and William Cochran cooperation . It is said that he helped design U-2 Spy planes . After the war , He returned to Princeton , In college and AT&T Bell Labs work back and forth . He was in 35 Become a full professor at the age of , And in 1965 He became the founding chairman of the statistics department at Princeton . He is in 1973 He was awarded the National Science medal by President Nixon in , And in 1982 Was awarded IEEE Medal of Honor ,“ In recognition of his spectral analysis of random processes and fast Fourier transform （FFT） Contribution of algorithm ”. Figure based on 1985 Retired in . He is in 2000 year 7 month 26 Japan Died in New Brunswick, New Jersey .

source ： Wikipedia

1977 year 6 month 16 Japan ： The predecessor of oracle bone inscriptions , The software development laboratory was established

Picture source ： Wikipedia

1977 year 6 month 16 Japan ,1977 year , Laurence · ellison 、 Bob · Miner （Bob Miner） With ED · Oates （Ed Oates）3 people , A joint venture was established in Santa Clara, California , It is called the software development laboratory （Software Development Laboratories,SDL). A year later , The software development lab is in PDP-11 Write the first edition of Oracle system in assembly language on the computer Oracle v1, But not released .1979 year ,Oracle v2 Release , Be the first
Based on SQL Commercial RDBMS. Same year , Changed its name to connected software company （Relational Software, Inc.,RSI).1982 year , Launch Oracle system , The company was also renamed Oracle systems （Oracle Systems Corporation）.

Oracle made less than a million dollars in the first year , stay 10 In the past few years, it has risen rapidly . until 2000 Around the year , Microsoft's database products were originally concentrated in the small and medium-sized enterprise market , But since then Microsoft has launched Microsoft SQL Server 7 database , A technological breakthrough , Seize the high-end software market .IBM Also with DB2 database , Attack the market with a high profile , Oracle faces a huge challenge . When formulating counter attack strategies , Oracle is no longer limited to platform services , Instead, it launched a set of its own called “ E-commerce package ”（e-business suite） Software for , There is a personnel management system 、 Sales system , They are all programs rooted in the database .

In the database market , The competition is more than that . In addition to having database competitors , When Oracle steps into the application software , We must also face the largest software enterprise in Europe SAP The competition of the company . At that time, in the high-end commercial software market ,SAP company 2003 The market share in is as high as 36%, At the top of , In the same period, oracle bone inscriptions only accounted for 13%.2009 year 4 month , stay IBM Announced the acquisition of SUN A week after the company failed , Oracle announced its successful acquisition of SUN All equity , A clear signal after this explosive news ： Oracle from a single 、 Pure software manufacturers move towards existing hardware （ Global high-end server system 、 The manufacturer of the storage system ）、 There's also software , The only one in the world that can communicate with IBM A fully competitive company .

And then , Oracle has been leading the database market .2016 year ,Oracle In the cloud SaaS Its revenue has become the largest in the world ;2017 year , The market value of the company has reached 1900 Billion dollars . to 2019 year , Oracle is after Microsoft , The second most profitable software company in the world , Mainly engaged in enterprise financial operation database filing and other services . at present , The top three databases of market share are Oracle、MySQL、Microsoft SQL Server, The first two belong to Oracle .

source ： Wikipedia

1983 year 6 month 16 Japan ： Microsoft MSX Be born

Picture source ： Wikipedia

MSX Is a standardized home computer architecture , It was first developed by Microsoft in 1983 year 6 month 16 Proposed by Japan , Later, the vice president of Microsoft Japan and ASCII Director Xiheyan conceived . Some people say this is led by Microsoft , A project that attempts to establish uniform standards among standard hardware manufacturers . Before Nintendo's red and white machines ,MSX It is the main Japanese game platform , Such as kolome and Hudson Soft We produce game software on this platform . For example, the Qianlong spy series was originally designed for MSX Hardware .

Although Microsoft took the lead in proposing MSX PC The concept of , But it does not focus on this area , Instead, many hardware companies are flocking to this field . At that time, hardware companies began to adopt this “ Keyboard host integration ” The appearance of the learning machine , Configurations and accessories vary , Similar to the current smart phone manufacturers based on Android System development of different models —— you 're right , Microsoft MSX It is the inspiration source of the famous Chinese learning machine, the little overlord learning machine and other domestic models . however ,MSX Finally, he became a passer-by in the history of game console , Even in China, it is far less famous than the imitators .

Despite Microsoft's involvement , but MSX Structured machines are still rare in the United States , And in Japan 、 South Korea 、 In the Middle East 、 Brazil 、 The Soviet union 、 Netherlands 、 Spain and several other small European countries are very popular .MSX Computers are sold all over the world 900 Ten thousand units , Japan alone has 700 Ten thousand units . With competitors 8 Compared with a bit computer ,Commodore 64 Estimated to have been sold worldwide 1700 Ten thousand units ,Apple II Sold 600 Ten thousand units ,ZX Spectrum exceed 500 Ten thousand units ,Atari 8-bit At least sell 400 Ten thousand units ,Amstrad CPC Sell out 300 Ten thousand units ,Tandy TRS-80 Model 1 Sell out 250,000 platform . Compared with Microsoft's original idea of a new concept personal computer ,MSX In history, it is more close to a multi-functional game console .

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