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图解网络:什么是热备份路由器协议HSRP?
2022-07-04 03:40:00 【InfoQ】
什么是HSRP?
- 英文全称:
Hot Standby Routing Protocol
- 中文全称:热备份路由器协议
- CISCO 专有协议
- 第一跳冗余协议
- 标准:RFC2281
什么是第一跳冗余协议?
- 英文全称:
First Hop Redundancy Protocols
- 缩写:FHRP
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HSRP术语
- 虚拟 IP:虚拟设备的默认网关地址。
- 虚拟 MAC 地址:MAC 地址由 HSRP 自动生成,前 24 位为默认的 CISCO 地址,接下来16 位是HSRP ID,最后 8 位为十六进制的组号。
- 优先级:默认情况下,优先级值为100。
- Hello 消息:由活动和备用路由器交换的定期消息,这些消息每 3 秒交换一次,告知路由器的状态。
- 保持定时器:默认值为 10 秒,即大约是 hello 消息值的 3 倍,这个计时器告诉我们路由器,如果没有按时收到,备用路由器将等待多长时间来等待 hello 消息。
HSRP 路由器角色
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主路由器
备份路由器
监听路由器
HSRP 状态
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Initial
Standby
Learn
Active
Listen
Speak
HSRP 消息
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Hello消息
Coup消息
Resign消息
HSRP 版本
- 版本 1
- 版本 2
版本 1
- 组号:
0 – 255
- 虚拟 MAC 地址:
0000.0c07.acXX
(XX = 组号)
- 组播地址:
224.0.0.2
- 使用 UDP 端口 1985
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版本 2
- 组号:
0 – 4095
- 虚拟 MAC 地址:
0000.0c9f.fXXX
(XX = 组号)
- 组播地址:
224.0.0.102
- 使用 UDP 端口 1985
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HSRP收敛时间
HSRP 抢占
HSRP 路由器选举
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总结
224.0.0.2
224.0.0.102
- 什么是HSRP?
- 什么是第一跳冗余协议?
- HSRP术语
- HSRP 路由器角色
- 主路由器
- 备份路由器
- 监听路由器
- HSRP 状态
- Initial
- Standby
- Learn
- Active
- Listen
- Speak
- HSRP 消息
- Hello消息
- Coup消息
- Resign消息
- HSRP 版本
- 版本 1
- 版本 2
- HSRP收敛时间
- HSRP 抢占
- HSRP 路由器选举
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