Interface test framework practice (I) | requests and interface request construction

Requests Is an elegant and simple Python HTTP library , Actually Python Built in resource module for accessing the network , such as urllib, But it's not as good as Requests Simple and elegant , And it lacks many practical functions . therefore , More recommended to master Requests Interface test practical skills , This is also a popular interface testing tool for Internet manufacturers . The following is the installation Requests Library starts , Master the interface request structure step by step 、 Interface request assertion 、Schema Assertion 、Json／XML request 、 Test case debugging 、HeadCookie Handle 、Jsonpath application 、 Certification system and other interface testing skills . pip Command to install Requests. Requests Official documents ： https://2.python-requests.org/en/master/ Then we'll use the most popular Requests Conduct interface test . Requests Provides almost everything HTTP Request construction method , And the method of passing in parameters , Customize the configuration of the sent request , It can be used to deal with various request scenarios . send out get request ： Add... To the request data Parameters , And send the post request ： Add... To the request data Parameters , And send the put request ： send out delete request ： send out head request ： send out options request ： It can also be used directly request function , Introduce different method, For example, use this method to send get request ： The following parameters are not required , But if additional customization of the request is needed , You need to master the functions of the following parameters .

• header Parameters

By passing in dict Custom request header ：

• data Parameters

Send a data sheet encoded as a form ：

• files Parameters

Upload files ,dict Format . Be careful ： Binary mode is recommended (binary mode) Open file . This is because Requests May try to provide you with Content-Length header, When it does so , This value will be set to the number of bytes in the file （bytes）. If you use text mode (text mode) Open file , There could be mistakes .

• timeout Parameters

Set the timeout （ second ）, When this time is reached, it will stop waiting for a response ： Be careful ：timeout Only valid for connection process , Nothing to do with the download of the response body .timeout It's not the entire download response time limit , But if the server is timeout No response in seconds , An exception will be thrown （ To be more precise , Is in timeout When no bytes of data are received from the underlying socket within seconds ）, If not set timeout, Will be waiting for .

• allow_redirects Parameters

Controls whether redirection is enabled ,bool type , choice True To enable , choice False To disable .

• proxies Parameters

Setting agent ,dict Format ,key The value is the selected protocol , It can be set separately HTTP Request and HTTPS The requested agent .

• verify Parameters

You can pass in bool Value or string, The default is True. If set to False To ignore is to ignore SSL Certificate verification ; On the contrary, verification is needed ; If the pass in value is string Words , Specifies the local certificate as the client certificate . Pass in the certificate locally ： Ignore right SSL Certificate verification ： Three other important parameters Json、Cookies、Auth It will be introduced in detail in the following chapters .