[software testing] 02 -- software defect management

Software defect management

   Because of its own characteristics and current development mode , The defects hidden in the software cannot be eradicated . Software testing is to find defects in software , Feedback to developers to make changes , So as to ensure the quality of the software , Therefore, software testing requires testers to have a deep understanding of software defects . This section will explain in detail the relevant knowledge of software defects .

1. The cause of software defect

   Software defects are commonly referred to as Bug, It means in software （ Including programs and documents ） Problems that affect the normal operation of the software .IEEE（Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Institute of electrical and electronic engineers ）729—1983 Standards have a standard definition of software defects ： From the inside of the product , Defects are errors in product development or maintenance 、 Problems and so on ; From the outside of the product , A defect is a failure or violation of a function during the operation of a system . The generation of software defects is mainly determined by the characteristics of software products and the development process , For example, the demand is not clear 、 Requirements change frequently 、 The level of developers is limited . It comes down to , The main causes of software defects are as follows .

  （1） Unclear needs . The software requirements are not clear or the developers do not understand the requirements clearly , It leads to the deviation of software design from the customer's requirements , Cause a defect in a software function or feature . Besides , In the development process , Frequent changes in customer requirements will also affect the final quality of the software .

  （2） The software structure is complex . If the software system structure is complex , It's hard to design a framework with a good hierarchy or component structure , This leads to software development 、 expand 、 Difficulties in system maintenance . Even if you can design a good architecture , Complex systems also hide the problem of interaction when they are implemented , And lead to hidden software defects .

  （3） Coding problem . In the process of software development , The level of programmers is uneven , Coupled with the lack of effective communication and supervision in the development process , The problems are accumulating , If we can't solve these problems one by one , It will lead to a lot of defects in the final software .

  （4） The duration of the project is short . Now most software product development cycle is very short , The development team should complete the development of software products in a limited time , The pressure is very high , So developers are often tired 、 High pressure 、 Developing software in a disturbed state , In this state , The attitude of developers towards software problems is “ If it's not serious, it won't be solved ”.

  （5） Use new technology . modern society , Every technology is changing with each passing day . When using new technology for software development , If the new technology itself is insufficient or the developers are not good at mastering the new technology , It also affects the development process of software products , Cause software defects .

2. Classification of software defects

   There are a lot of software defects , Defects can be divided into different types from different angles .

   According to the type of test, software defects can be divided into interface classes 、 Functional class 、 Performance class 、 Security class 、 Compatibility class, etc .

   According to the severity of defects, defects can be divided into serious 、 commonly 、 secondary 、 Suggest .

   According to the priority of defects, defects can be divided into immediate solutions 、 High priority 、 The normal line 、 Low priority .

   According to the different stages of defects, defects can be divided into requirements stage defects 、 Frame stage defects 、 Design phase defects 、 Coding phase defects 、 Test phase defects .

   Software defects are divided into different categories according to different standards , Concrete as table 1 Shown .

3. Software defect handling process

   During software testing , Each company has developed a software defect handling process , The software defect handling process of each company is different , But they follow the same basic process , All have to be submitted 、 Distribute 、 confirm 、 Handle 、 Retest 、 Close and so on , Pictured 2 Shown .

  （1） Submit ： After the testers found the defect , Submit defects to test team leader .

  （2） Distribute ： After the test team leader receives the defect submitted by the tester , Hand it over to the developers .

  （3） confirm ： After the developer receives the transferred defect , We will discuss with the team and even the tester , Determine whether the defect is a defect .

  （4） Refuse / delay ： If after consultation , If the defect is not a real defect, it will be rejected , Close defects ; If after consultation , Make sure it's a real flaw , You can select immediate treatment or deferred treatment according to the severity or priority of defects .

  （5） Handle ： Developers modify defects .

  （6） Retest ： After the developers fix the defect , The tester retested （ Retest ）, Check if the defect has actually been modified . If not properly modified , Then submit the defect again .

  （7） close ： After the testers retested , If the defect has been corrected correctly , Then close the defect , The whole defect treatment is completed .

4. Software defect report

   In the actual software testing process , When submitting software test results, testers will follow the template specified by the company （Word、Excel、 Defect management software, etc ） Record the details of the defect and generate a defect report , Each company's defect report template is different , But it usually includes the number of defects 、 type 、 severity 、 priority 、 Test environment, etc , Sometimes there are suggestions from testers .

   The following matters shall be paid attention to when preparing the defect report .

  （1） Each defect has a unique number , This is the identification of the defect .

  （2） Defects need to be reproduced .

  （3） A defect generates a report .

  （4） The defect report shall be neat 、 complete .

5. Common software defect management tools

   Software defect management is a very important link in software development project , Choosing a good software defect management tool can effectively improve the progress of software projects . There are many software defect management tools , Free of charge 、 There are all kinds of charges , Here are some common software defect management tools .

  1.Bugzilla

  Bugzilla yes Mozilla The company provides a free software defect management tool .Bugzilla Can establish a complete defect tracking system , Including defect tracking 、 Record 、 Defect report 、 Deal with the situation, etc . Use Bugzilla When managing software defects , Testers can be in Bugzilla Submit defect report on ,Bugzilla The defect will be transferred to the corresponding Developer , Developers can use Bugzilla Make a worksheet , Indicate the priority of things to be done 、 Scheduling and tracking .

  2. ZenTao

   Zen is an excellent project management software made in China , It integrates product management 、 project management 、 Quality management 、 Defect management 、 Document management 、 Organization management and affairs management in one , It is a project management software with complete functions , Perfectly covering the core process of project management . Zen is divided into professional and open source versions , The professional version is a paid software , Open source is free software , For daily project management , The open source version is enough .

  3.Jira

  Jira yes Atlassian Project and practice tracking tools developed by the company , It is widely used in defect tracking 、 Customer practice 、 Demand collection 、 Process approval 、 Task tracking 、 Work areas such as project tracking and agile management .Jira Flexible configuration 、 Comprehensive function 、 Simple deployment 、 Expand and enrich 、 Easy to use , It is based on Java Architecture management tools .

  Jira Software has two highly recognized features ： The first 1 Yes Atlassian The company provides defect tracking service for the open source project free of charge ; The first 2 One is that users are buying Jira The source code will also be purchased when using software , Convenient for secondary development .