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Basic operations of openGauss database (super detailed)
2022-08-02 12:34:00 【m0_67394006】
openGauss数据库常用操作命令（超详细）
1. 以操作系统用户omm登录数据库主节点
su - omm
1.1 启动服务
分布式openGauss：
gs_om -t start 启动服务
gs_om -t restart 重启服务
集中式openGauss：
gs_om -t stop 关闭服务
gs_om -t start 启动服务
1.2 使用“gs_om -t status –detail”命令查询openGaussStatus of each instance.
gs_om -t status --detail
Centralized is deployed as followsopenGauss集群,The server for the database master node instanceIP地址为172.20.73.178
数据库主节点数据路径为/opt/gaussdb/master1/
centralized noCN,通过主DN访问
[[email protected] ~]$ gs_om -t status --detail
[ CMServer State ]node node_ip instance state
2 openGauss02 172.20.73.179 1 /opt/gaussdb/cmserver/cm_server Standby
3 openGauss03 172.20.74.210 2 /opt/gaussdb/cmserver/cm_server Primary[ ETCD State ]
node node_ip instance state
1 openGauss01 172.20.73.178 7001 /opt/huawei/xuanyuan/etcd StateFollower
2 openGauss02 172.20.73.179 7002 /opt/huawei/xuanyuan/etcd StateLeader
3 openGauss03 172.20.74.210 7003 /opt/huawei/xuanyuan/etcd StateFollower[ Cluster State ]
cluster_state : Normal
redistributing : No
balanced : Yes
current_az : AZ_ALL[ Datanode State ]
node node_ip instance state | node node_ip instance state | node node_ip instance state
1 openGauss01 172.20.73.178 6001 /opt/gaussdb/master1 P Primary Normal | 2 openGauss02 172.20.73.179 6002 /opt/gaussdb/slave1_1 S Standby Normal | 3 openGauss03 172.20.74.210 6003 /opt/gaussdb/slave1_2 S Standby Normal
[[email protected] ~]$
1.3 检查数据库性能
gs_checkperf
1. Displays performance statistics on the screen in a brief format.
gs_checkperf -i pmk -U omm
2. Displays performance statistics on the screen in a detailed format.
gs_checkperf -i pmk -U omm --detai
1.4 确认数据库主节点的端口号
在1.2查到的数据库主节点数据路径下的postgresql.conf文件中查看端口号信息.示例如下：
cat /opt/gaussdb/master1/postgresql.conf |grep port
[[email protected] ~]$ cat /opt/gaussdb/master1/postgresql.conf |grep port
port = '36000' # (change requires restart)
#ssl_renegotiation_limit = 0 # amount of data between renegotiations, no longer supported
# supported by the operating system:
- 36000为数据库主节点的端口号
- Port number when installing the database,会在xml文件中配置,Check when installingxmlConfiguration files can also find ports.
1.5列出所有可用的数据库
gsql -d postgres -p 36000 -l
[[email protected] ~]$ gsql -d postgres -p 36000 -l
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
-----------+-------+-----------+---------+-------+-------------------
db1 | song | SQL_ASCII | C | C |
db2 | song | SQL_ASCII | C | C |
kwdb | kw | SQL_ASCII | C | C |
mydb | song | GBK | C | C |
postgres | omm | SQL_ASCII | C | C |
song_suse | song | SQL_ASCII | C | C |
template0 | omm | SQL_ASCII | C | C | =c/omm +
| | | | | omm=CTc/omm
template1 | omm | SQL_ASCII | C | C | =c/omm +
| | | | | omm=CTc/omm
(8 rows)
其中,postgres为openGauss安装完成后默认生成的数据库.初始可以连接到此数据库进行新数据库的创建.
2. 查看数据库对象
1. Log in to the default databasepostgres：
gsql -d postgres -p 36000
[[email protected] ~]$ gsql -d postgres -p 36000
gsql ((GaussDB Kernel V500R002C00 build fab4f5ea) compiled at 2021-10-24 11:58:09 commit 3086 last mr 6592 release)
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
openGauss=#
2. Log in to the self-built databasesong_suse:
gsql -d 数据库名 -p 36000 -U 用户名 -W 密码 -r
[[email protected] ~]$ gsql -d song_suse -p 36000 -U song -W Info1234 -r
gsql ((GaussDB Kernel V500R002C00 build fab4f5ea) compiled at 2021-10-24 11:58:09 commit 3086 last mr 6592 release)
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
song_suse=>
1）查看帮助信息：
postgres=# ?
2）切换数据库：
postgres=# c dbname
3）列举数据库：
使用l元命令查看数据库系统的数据库列表.
postgres=# l
使用如下命令通过系统表pg_database查询数据库列表.
postgres=# select dataname from pg_database;
4)列举表：
postgres=# dt
postgres=# d
5)列举所有表、视图和索引：
postgres=# d+
6）使用gsql的d+命令查询表的属性：
postgres=# d+ tablename
7）查看表结构：
postgres=# d tablename
8）列举schema：
postgres=# dn
9）查看索引：
postgres=# di
10）查询表空间：
使用gsql程序的元命令查询表空间.postgres=# db
检查pg_tablespace系统表.如下命令可查到系统和用户定义的全部表空间.
postgres=# select spcname from pg_tablespace;
11）查看数据库用户列表：
postgres=# select * from pg_user;
12）要查看用户属性：
postgres=# select * from pg_authid;
13）查看所有角色：
postgres=# select * from PG_ROLES;
14）切换用户：
postgres=# c – username
15）退出数据库：
postgres=# q
3. 常用SQL语言：
1）创建数据库用户
create user 用户名 with password "密码";
create user jack password "Info1234";
every time a new user is created,The system creates a new user with the same name in the currently logged in databaseSchema.对于其他数据库,Same name if requiredSchema,It needs to be created manually by the user.
openGauss=# create user jack password "Info1234";
CREATE ROLE
openGauss=# du
List of roles
Role name | Attributes | Member of
-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
jack | | {}
kw | | {}
omm | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {}
song | Create role, Sysadmin | {}
2）删除数据库用户
drop user 用户名 cascade;
drop user jack cascade;
3）创建数据库,and specify the ownerowner
create database 数据库名 owner 用户名;
create database jack_test owner jack;
4）为用户授权
Grants a user all permissions on a database
grant all privileges on database jack_test to jack;
Add a role to the userCREATEROLE权限
alter user jack createrole;
将sysadmin权限授权给用户joe
grant all privileges to jack;
openGauss=# create database jack_test owner jack;
CREATE DATABASE
openGauss=# l
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
-----------+-------+-----------+---------+-------+-------------------
db1 | song | SQL_ASCII | C | C |
db2 | song | SQL_ASCII | C | C |
jack_test | jack | SQL_ASCII | C | C |
kwdb | kw | SQL_ASCII | C | C |
mydb | song | GBK | C | C |
postgres | omm | SQL_ASCII | C | C |
song_suse | song | SQL_ASCII | C | C | =Tc/song +
| | | | | song=CTc/song +
| | | | | song=APm/song
template0 | omm | SQL_ASCII | C | C | =c/omm +
| | | | | omm=CTc/omm
template1 | omm | SQL_ASCII | C | C | =c/omm +
| | | | | omm=CTc/omm
(9 rows)
openGauss=# grant all privileges on database jack_test to jack;
GRANT
openGauss=# alter user jack createrole;
ALTER ROLE
openGauss=# grant all privileges to jack;
ALTER ROLE
openGauss=# du
List of roles
Role name | Attributes | Member of
-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
jack | Create role, Sysadmin | {}
kw | | {}
omm | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {}
song | Create role, Sysadmin | {}
openGauss=#
5）删除数据库
drop database 数据库名;
drop database jack_test;
6）创建schema(模式,默认为public)
1. 切换到jack_test数据库：
openGauss=# c jack_test
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
You are now connected to database "jack_test" as user "omm".
2. 切换到jack用户
jack_test=# c - jack
Password for user jack:
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
You are now connected to database "jack_test" as user "jack".
3. 查看schema
jack_test=> dn
List of schemas
Name | Owner
----------------------+-------
blockchain | omm
cstore | omm
db4ai | omm
dbe_application_info | omm
dbe_file | omm
dbe_lob | omm
dbe_match | omm
dbe_output | omm
dbe_perf | omm
dbe_pldebugger | omm
dbe_pldeveloper | omm
dbe_random | omm
dbe_raw | omm
dbe_scheduler | omm
dbe_session | omm
dbe_sql | omm
dbe_task | omm
dbe_utility | omm
pkg_service | omm
pkg_util | omm
public | omm
snapshot | omm
sqladvisor | omm
sys | omm
(24 rows)
jack_test=>
4. 查看当前用户：
select * from current_user;
select user;
jack_test=> select * from current_user;
current_user
--------------
jack
(1 row)
jack_test=> select user;
current_user
--------------
jack
(1 row)
jack_test=>
5. 为用户jack创建一个模式jack1
create schema 模式名 authorization 用户名;
create schema jack1 authorization jack;
jack_test=> create schema jack1 authorization jack;
CREATE SCHEMA
jack_test=> dn
List of schemas
Name | Owner
----------------------+-------
blockchain | omm
cstore | omm
db4ai | omm
dbe_application_info | omm
dbe_file | omm
dbe_lob | omm
dbe_match | omm
dbe_output | omm
dbe_perf | omm
dbe_pldebugger | omm
dbe_pldeveloper | omm
dbe_random | omm
dbe_raw | omm
dbe_scheduler | omm
dbe_session | omm
dbe_sql | omm
dbe_task | omm
dbe_utility | omm
jack1 | jack
pkg_service | omm
pkg_util | omm
public | omm
snapshot | omm
sqladvisor | omm
sys | omm
(25 rows)
jack_test=>
6. 修改schema名称
alter schema jack1 rename to jack2;
7. To change the default for the current sessionSchema,请使用SET命令.
Execute the following command to set the search path to myschema、public,首先搜索myschema.
set search_path to jack2;
查看当前schema
show search_path;
jack_test=> set search_path to jack2;
SET
jack_test=> show search_path;
search_path
-------------
jack2
(1 row)
jack_test=>
7）授权
grant usage on schema jack2 to jack;
回收(revoke)
将Schema中的表或者视图对象授权给其他用户或角色时,需要将表或视图所属Schema的USAGE权限同时授予该用户或角色.Otherwise the user or role will only see the names of these objects,并不能实际进行对象访问.
8）Database renamed
alter database jack_test rename to jack_db;
9)command to view the current database storage encoding
show server_encoding;
10）Query table distribution columns（分布式openGauss才有,centralized no）：
select getdistributekey ('schemaName.tableName');
select getdistributekey ('tableName');
11）修改omm管理员密码
openGaussDatabase login if promptedomm密码过期,需要修改omm管理员密码,例如：
alter role omm identified by '新密码' replace '旧密码';
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