[automated testing framework] what you need to know about unittest

One 、UnitTest The unit test framework provides those functions

1. Provides use case organization and execution

How to define a “ The test case ”?
How to flexibly control these “ The test case ” Implementation ?

2. Provide abundant assertion methods

When the execution result of the test case is inconsistent with the expected result , Determine that the test case failed . In automated testing , adopt “ Assertion ” To determine whether the test case execution is successful , The testing framework provides rich assertion methods , for example : Judge equal / Unequal inclusion / It doesn't contain 、True/False etc.

3. Provide rich logs

The reason for the failure needs to be clearly seen from the results . in addition , We also need to count the execution results of test cases , Such as total execution time 、 Number of failed test cases 、 Number of successful test cases, etc , These functions are also provided by the unit test framework .

Two 、 know unittest

1. introduce unittest modular , Custom classes must inherit unittest Modular TestCase class

2. Test method created , Must be test start

3. Important concepts

3.1 TestCase

Test Case Is the smallest test unit , A specific return value used to check a specific set of inputs .unittest Provided TestCase The base class is inherited by the custom test class , It can be used to create new test cases

3.2 TestSuite

A test suite is a test case \ Test suite or a collection of both , Used to assemble a set of tests to run

3.3 Test Runner

Test Runner Is a component , Used to coordinate test execution and provide results to users .Test Runner You can use a graphical interface 、 A text interface or a special value is returned to display the results of the test execution

3.4 Test Fixture

Test Fixture Represents the environmental preparation required to perform one or more tests , And associated cleanup actions .

3、 ... and 、 assert methods

Four 、 Organization of test cases

1、unittest Medium TestLoader Class provides the discover() Method can find test cases from multiple files

2、 Find all test modules in the specified directory and its subdirectories , Only matching file names can be loaded , If you are not starting the top-level Directory , Then the top-level directory must be specified separately

discover(start_dir,pattern=’ test*.py’ ,top_level_dir=None)

3、start_dir: Module name or test case directory to be tested
4、pattern= 'test*.py’: Matching principle of test case file name
5、top_level_dir: Top level directory of the test module , If there is no top-level Directory , The default is None

5、 ... and 、 Execution order of test cases

Multiple directories > Multiple test files > Multiple test classes > Multiple test methods

Execute the test case of multi-level directory

unittest The default in accordance with the ASCII Code sequence loading test cases ( The alphabetical and numerical order is 0-9,A-Z,a-z)

Execute multi-level subdirectories to lower one __init__.py file , This file is used to mark a directory as a standard python modular  

import unittest

test_dir = './test_case'

suite=unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(test_dir, pattern='test*.py')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    runner = unittest.TextTestRunner()
    runner.run(suite)

6、 ... and 、 Skip tests and expected failures

7、 ... and 、 Data driven applications

Installation mode

pip install parameterized

Usage mode

adopt @parameterized.expand() To decorate test cases ,expand Each tuple in is considered a test case , The data in the tuple is the change value of the test case

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