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[automated testing framework] what you need to know about unittest
2022-07-06 23:52:00 【Test Xiaona】
One 、UnitTest The unit test framework provides those functions
1. Provides use case organization and execution
How to define a “ The test case ”?
How to flexibly control these “ The test case ” Implementation ?
2. Provide abundant assertion methods
When the execution result of the test case is inconsistent with the expected result , Determine that the test case failed . In automated testing , adopt “ Assertion ” To determine whether the test case execution is successful , The testing framework provides rich assertion methods , for example : Judge equal / Unequal inclusion / It doesn't contain 、True/False etc.
3. Provide rich logs
The reason for the failure needs to be clearly seen from the results . in addition , We also need to count the execution results of test cases , Such as total execution time 、 Number of failed test cases 、 Number of successful test cases, etc , These functions are also provided by the unit test framework .
Two 、 know unittest
1. introduce unittest modular , Custom classes must inherit unittest Modular TestCase class
2. Test method created , Must be test start
3. Important concepts
3.1 TestCase
Test Case Is the smallest test unit , A specific return value used to check a specific set of inputs .unittest Provided TestCase The base class is inherited by the custom test class , It can be used to create new test cases
3.2 TestSuite
A test suite is a test case \ Test suite or a collection of both , Used to assemble a set of tests to run
3.3 Test Runner
Test Runner Is a component , Used to coordinate test execution and provide results to users .Test Runner You can use a graphical interface 、 A text interface or a special value is returned to display the results of the test execution
3.4 Test Fixture
Test Fixture Represents the environmental preparation required to perform one or more tests , And associated cleanup actions .
3、 ... and 、 assert methods
Four 、 Organization of test cases
1、unittest Medium TestLoader Class provides the discover() Method can find test cases from multiple files
2、 Find all test modules in the specified directory and its subdirectories , Only matching file names can be loaded , If you are not starting the top-level Directory , Then the top-level directory must be specified separately
discover(start_dir,pattern=’ test*.py’ ,top_level_dir=None)
3、start_dir: Module name or test case directory to be tested
4、pattern= 'test*.py’: Matching principle of test case file name
5、top_level_dir: Top level directory of the test module , If there is no top-level Directory , The default is None
5、 ... and 、 Execution order of test cases
Multiple directories > Multiple test files > Multiple test classes > Multiple test methods
Execute the test case of multi-level directory
unittest The default in accordance with the ASCII Code sequence loading test cases ( The alphabetical and numerical order is 0-9,A-Z,a-z)
Execute multi-level subdirectories to lower one __init__.py file , This file is used to mark a directory as a standard python modular
import unittest test_dir = './test_case' suite=unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(test_dir, pattern='test*.py') if __name__ == '__main__': runner = unittest.TextTestRunner() runner.run(suite)
6、 ... and 、 Skip tests and expected failures
7、 ... and 、 Data driven applications
Installation mode
pip install parameterized
Usage mode
adopt @parameterized.expand() To decorate test cases ,expand Each tuple in is considered a test case , The data in the tuple is the change value of the test case
Finally, thank everyone who reads my article carefully , Watching the rise and attention of fans all the way , Reciprocity is always necessary , Although it's not very valuable , If you can use it, you can take it
These materials , For doing 【 software test 】 For our friends, it should be the most comprehensive and complete war preparation warehouse , This warehouse also accompanied me through the most difficult journey , I hope it can help you ! Everything should be done as soon as possible , Especially in the technology industry , We must improve our technical skills . I hope that's helpful …….
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