安装部署 Kubernetes 仪表板（Dashboard）

简介

Kubernetes 仪表板（Dashboard）是基于网页的 Kubernetes 用户界面。 你可以使用仪表板：

• 展示了 Kubernetes 集群中的资源状态信息和所有报错信息。
• 把容器应用部署到 Kubernetes 集群中。
• 对容器应用排错。
• 管理集群资源。
• 获取运行在集群中的应用的概览信息。
• 创建或者修改 Kubernetes 资源 （比如：Deployment，Job，DaemonSet 等等）。

安装

根据 Kubernetes 版本选择 Kubernetes 仪表板的版本号，具体如下表：

Kubernetes 版本	Kubernetes 仪表板版本
1.17	2.0.0-rc7
1.18	2.0.3
1.19	2.0.5
1.20	2.3.1
1.21	2.4.0
1.23	2.5.1
1.24	2.6.0

执行如下命令安装 Kubernetes 仪表板 2.6.0：

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.6.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

输出如下：

namespace/kubernetes-dashboard created
serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/kubernetes-dashboard created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-csrf created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder created
configmap/kubernetes-dashboard-settings created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
deployment.apps/dashboard-metrics-scraper created

执行如下命令查看Pod是否已启动：

kubectl get pod -n kubernetes-dashboard

当我们看到状态都为 Running 时，就说明已经启动成功了，如下所示：

NAME                                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper-8c47d4b5d-l9wrz   1/1     Running   0          2m46s
kubernetes-dashboard-5676d8b865-p9qkp       1/1     Running   0          2m46s

访问

执行 kubectl proxy 命令后，就可以访问了，访问路径：

http://localhost:8001/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/

我们可以看到Kubernetes 仪表板的登录界面，如下图：

创建用户

我们要创建一个名为 one-more-admin 的 ServiceAccount ，用来登录 Kubernetes 仪表板。然后再为这个 ServiceAccount 创建一个 Secret ，最后创建一个 ClusterRolebinding，将其绑定到 Kubernetes 集群中默认初始化的 cluster-admin 这个 ClusterRole 上面。

把以下内容保存为one-more-admin.yaml：

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: one-more-admin
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: one-more-admin
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/service-account.name: one-more-admin
type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: one-more-admin
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: one-more-admin
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

然后，执行以下命令创建：

kubectl apply -f one-more-admin.yaml

输出如下：

serviceaccount/one-more-admin created
secret/one-more-admin created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/one-more-admin created

然后，执行以下命令获取到 Token ：

kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard describe secret one-more-admin

输出如下：

Name:         one-more-admin
Namespace:    kubernetes-dashboard
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: one-more-admin
              kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 7ce2bedd-b32f-4ec9-8e42-feb1a09b27e5

Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data
====
ca.crt:     1099 bytes
namespace:  20 bytes
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IkJnMDBqZFA1eE5DNV9GVXZWQm9Ramp3ZG5wVGFaUXEzRUd1UlU4QTFTbDQifQ.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLWRhc2hib2FyZCIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VjcmV0Lm5hbWUiOiJvbmUtbW9yZS1hZG1pbiIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VydmljZS1hY2NvdW50Lm5hbWUiOiJvbmUtbW9yZS1hZG1pbiIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VydmljZS1hY2NvdW50LnVpZCI6IjdjZTJiZWRkLWIzMmYtNGVjOS04ZTQyLWZlYjFhMDliMjdlNSIsInN1YiI6InN5c3RlbTpzZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudDprdWJlcm5ldGVzLWRhc2hib2FyZDpvbmUtbW9yZS1hZG1pbiJ9.GAXznIvsWtNJR5EAXMQ2iCa5P3ERg4vZmMYi5E3EDZvaFLD2yltjCv5Ib9sEeMEZ1n9Us6ij6RJNYggl-DhiZL4v8PwDq7LVEBjgbctDn1tOk0mEyWtK3I7vDsvpmc6IXpwIkCUhK427aBBDtz1IjBLIhR070nHmT-SeIoyPKuHle7vOPxSl1gsqnhpWFvhRxvhn65uUqIpz6F2yzqRs1afbmbuyocXt-FRTnHzgf4PZkkB_OU0vC3EUnyjLb_qE8hdWMyluAwFzXoOBkQFektOfHd5ypzfSf2jncrSjWOw_0TJtHsv3OLG9qEzcJm4IiRqW_XUDF3n9DXwnX6zdgQ

把其中的 token 输入到 Kubernetes 仪表板登录即可，如下图：