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Switch principle
2022-08-05 06:13:00 【Magic star】
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交换机原理
交换机的四大功能
- 学习功能:The data frame goes through the switch,交换机会自动学习数据帧的源MAC地址
- 转发功能:The data frame goes through the switch,会在MAC表中查找数据帧的目的MAC,查找成功,Data will be forwarded from the corresponding interface
- 查询功能:The data frame goes through the switch,会在MAC表中查找数据帧的目的MAC,查找成功,The same data is forwarded from all interfaces(泛洪)
- 刷新功能:交换机默认300s刷新一次MAC地址表
交换机收到一个数据帧,需要在MACmatching destination in the address tablemac地址(第一次通信时mac地址表为空)
display mac-address (查找交换机的mac地址表)
< Huawei >reset arp dynamic (Clear the switcharp表)
windows
arp -a (查找arp表)arp -d (清空arp表项)
View of the switch

交换机的工作原理:
1、初始状态
2、MAC地址学习
3、广播未知数据帧
4、接收方回应
5、The switches communicate via unicast
PC1要和PC2 通信,需要Data is forwarded through the switch,交换机初始状态是没有mac地址与端口的对应关系,当交换机的1接口收到PC1的报文,PC1macThe address and port are recorded,The switch will then switch to the except port1All ports other than send broadcasts,who's inquiringmac地址与PC1相同.当PC2收到广播,will reply with a unicast,The switch will switch the port2和PC2的mac地址绑定起来,PC3Not a message to yourself,丢弃.
Switch query
用户视图模式< Huawei >切换至系统视图模式 [ Huawei ]
< Huawei >system-view
< Huawei >sysExit user view
ctrl+z
[ Huawei ]quit历史命令查询
[ Huawei ]display history-command
配置主机名
< Huawei >system-view
[ Huawei ]sysname Router1(主机名)
状态信息查询
< Huawei >display version (查看VPR版本)
< Huawei >display users (查看用户终端信息)
进入接口模式并查看信息
< Huawei >sys
[ Huawei ]int e0/0/1
[ Huawei-GigbitEthemeto/0/0/1 ]dis this (查看当前视图下的配置信息)
配置文件管理命令
[ Huawei ]display saved-configuration (查看设备保存信息)
[ Huawei ]display current-configuration (查看设备当前配置信息)
[ Huawei ]save (保存配置)
< Huawei >reset saved-configuration (擦除存储设备中的配置文件——初始化)
< Huawei > compare configuration (比较当前配置信息与存储中的保存文件是否一致)
关闭华为的信息提示中心
[ Huawei ]undo infor-center enable
或者
< Huawei >undo terminal monitor
永不超时
[ Huawei ]user-interface console 0
[ Huawei-ui-console0 ]idle-timeout 0 0
配置双工及速率命令
< Huawei >sys
[ Huawei ]int g0/0/1
[ SW1-Ethernet0/0/1 ]undo negotiation auto (关闭自动协商)
[ SW1-Ethernet0/0/1 ]speed 100 (调至速率100M)
[ SW1-Ethernet0/0/1 ]duplex full (调至全双工模式)
解释:full:Full-Duplex(全双工模式)half:Half-Duplex(半双工模式)
保存配置
< Huawei >save
数据链路层功能
1、数据链路的建立、维护与拆除
2、帧包装、帧传输、帧同步
3、帧的差错恢复
4、流量控制
以太网(局域网)
以太MAC地址:用来识别一个以太网上的某个单独的设备或一组设备
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