Problems that need to be solved for interrupting the system

p-198

中断处理的过程-中断请求 中断判优 中断响应 中断服务 中断返回

Generally the interrupt service routine process is divided into4部分：保护现场 中断服务 恢复现场 中断返回

中断系统需解决的问题--p359

1. 各中断源如何向CPU提出中断请求
2. 2.当多个中断源同时提出中断请求时,How to determine the priority interrupt system response which interrupt source request
3. CPU在什么条件 什么时候 以什么方式来响应中断
4. CPUHow to protect the site after the response to interrupt
5. CPU响应中断后,How to stop the execution and transferred to the interrupt service routine entry address
6. 中断处理结束后,CPU如何恢复现场,How to return to the original program breaks
7. In the process of interrupt handling a new interrupt request,CPU该如何处理             

P376

The process of value cycle instruction fetch

1. The current instruction address, to the memory address register,PC->MAR
2. 向主存发送读命令,启动主存做读操作,记作1->R
3. 将MARReferring to the main deposit yuan read the contents of the data busMAR内,M(MAR)->MDR
4. 将MDR的内容送至IR,MDR->IR
5. Instruction of operation code sent toCU译码,OP(IR)->CU
6. 形成下一条指令的地址,(PC)+1->PC

间址周期

1. The instructions sent to the address part of the memory address register,Ad(IR)->MAR
2. 向主存发送读命令,启动主存做读操作,1->R
3. 将MARReferring to the main deposit yuan read the contents of the data busMDR,M(MAR)->MDR
4. To effectively address sent to the instruction register address field,MDR->Ad(IR)

执行周期

1. Clearly accumulator instructionsCLA

1. >ACC

1. 累加器取反指令COM

————ACC->ACC

1. 算术右移一位指令SHR

L(ACC)->R(ACC)

ACC0->ACC0

1. 循环左移一位指令CSL

R（ACC)->L(ACC)

ACC0->ACCn

访存指令

1. Will address code part of the instruction to the memory address register,Ad(IR)->MAR
2. To main memory, and the read command,启动主存做读操作,1->R
3. 将MARReferring to the main deposit yuan read the contents of the data busMAR内,M(MAR)->MDR
4. （ACC) +(MDR)->ACC
5. (AX)+(BX)->AX

存数指令 STA X

1. Ad(IR)->MAR
2. 1->W
3. ACC->MDR
4. MDR->M(MAR)

取数指令 LDA X

1. Ad(IR)->MAR
2. 1->R
3. M(MAR)->MDR
4. MDR->ACC

中断周期p-378

（1）0->MAR

(2)1->W

1. PC->MDR
2. MDR->(MAR)
3. 向量地址->PC
4. 关中断,0->EINT

P-187What functions can interface circuit？

1. 选址功能
2. 传送命令
3. 传送数据
4. 反映I/O设备工作状态

p-185

主机与I/OSet up the reason of the interface between equipment is as follows：

1. 一台机器通常配有多台I/O设备,Through the interface can realizeI/O设备的选择
2. I/O设备种类繁多,速度不一
3. 有些I/O设备可能串行传送数据,而CPUGenerally for parallel transfer,Interface can realize string-并转换
4. I/OInput and output level of the equipment can be withCPUThe input output level is different,Through the interface implementation level conversion
5. Through the interface transfer of control command
6. Through the interface monitoring equipment working state

P87

动态RAM与静态RAM应用广泛,原因：

1. 动态RAM集成度高
2. 动态RAM行 列地址按先后顺序输送,减少了芯片引脚
3. 动态RAMPower consumption than staticRAM小
4. 动态RAMPrice is staticRAM价格便宜

缺点是：

动态元件,Speed is lower than static,And they need regeneration,Therefore, regeneration circuit configuration,也需要消耗一部分功率

P-71

主存-辅存层次主要解决存储系统的容量问题

缓存0主存层次主要解决CPU和主存速度不匹配的问题

If the wind by computer

1. 计算机由运算器 存储器 控制器 输入设备 输出设备 五大部件组成
2. 指令And the data at the same position in a memory,并可按Address search
3. 指令And the data are expressed in a binary number
4. 指令由操作码和地址码组成
5. 指令Within the memory按顺序存放
6. 机器以运算器为中心

P240

With the sign bit of carry and MSB carry exclusive or operation after,According to the results of judgment,为1则溢出

为0则无溢出

P270

S>0时,Complement normal form as00.1xxxx

S<0时,Complement normal form as11.0xxxxx

舍入

在对阶和右规中

尾数右移时,数值为1,Is at the end of the tail and1,If still overflow ,Continue to gauge right

              

p-364

Protect the scene including program breakpoints and protectCPU内部各寄存器内容的现场两个方面

Programs breakpoint interrupt by implicit instruction to complete,The scene of the register can be used by the user in the interrupt service routine machine instruction programming

p-342

CPU每取出并执行一条指令所需的全部时间,也即CPU完成一条指令的时间

Do take instructions and analysis of the operation,For value cycle

执行阶段完成执行指令的操作.为执行周期

p-304Instruction word length depends on the operation code length 操作数地址长度 操作数地址个数

The operand types have the address 数字 字符 Logical data, etc

P-385

机器周期

All can be seen as a benchmark in the process of instruction execution time

时钟周期

In a machine cycle can complete several micro operations,Each operation requires a certain amount of time,可用时钟信号来控制产生每一个微操作命令,Each beat corresponds to a clock cycle,He is the smallest unit of time control computer operation

一个指令周期包含若干个机器周期,一个机器周期又包含若干时钟周期