Hcia---04 route static extension, VLAN

Catalog

Catalog

       1. Static expansion configuration of router ：

1）. Load balancing ：

2）. Loopback interface ：

3）. Manual summary ：

4）. Routing black holes ：

5）. Default route ：

6）. Empty interface ：

7）. Floating static ：

2.VLAN： Virtual LAN

   2.1. Configuration ideas ：

   2.2. Configuration command ：

1）. Create... On the switch ：

2）. Each interface on the switch is divided into corresponding interfaces vlan in ：

3）.trunk main rd ：

4）. Router sub interface ：

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1. Static expansion configuration of router ：

1）. Load balancing ：

• When visiting the same target , When there are multiple paths with similar overhead ; The device can split the traffic and delay multiple paths for simultaneous transmission ; Play the role of bandwidth superposition ;

2）. Loopback interface ：

•   Virtual logical interface in router , You can also have a broadcast domain （ Network segment ）, It is enabled by default after creation , Unlike the physical interface, it must be powered on .
• After creation , It can be used for router testing TCP/IP Whether the protocol components can be encapsulated and de encapsulated ; meanwhile , It can be used to simulate the connection in the experimental environment PC User interface of terminal , To reduce the actual equipment cost demand .

[r1]interface LoopBack ?

  <0-1023>  LoopBack interface number  ; The interface number can be 0-1023

[r1]interface LoopBack 0

[r1-LoopBack0]ip address 1.1.1.1 24

3）. Manual summary ：

• If the router needs to access multiple continuous subnets , And have the same next hop , These network segments can be summarized and calculated （ Similar to the algorithm of merging subnets ）, Then just write the route to the summary network segment ---------- Save the number of routing table entries .
• It may cause black holes .

4）. Routing black holes ：

• That is, when the summary address contains network segments that do not actually exist in the network , It will cause the flow to have no return , Waste link resources .
• The suggestion is reasonable ip Address planning （ Easy to summarize without black holes ）, Summarize as accurately as possible
• Black holes may be actively produced （ After the summary, whether there is a network segment ）, It may also be produced passively （ The physical interface is powered off ）

5）. Default route ：

•   A route that does not limit the destination , Represents all network segments ; When the router looks up the table, it queries all the local direct connections 、 static state 、 If there is still no reachable path after dynamic routing , Use this entry .
• When LAN accesses Wan, it is usually necessary to set up a lack .
• [r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0   0.0.0.0   12.1.1.2

6）. Empty interface ：

• When routing Black hole and default When routes meet , take There must be a loop , Therefore, an empty interface must be configured in this case .
• On the black hole router , Configure an empty interface route to the summary network segment , Empty interface and discard traffic , To avoid loop generation .
• The subnet length of the empty interface is usually the same as that of the manual summary subnet , The router first looks up the longest subnet in the table , If there is no network segment found, the empty interface will be matched and discarded .
• [r1]ip route-static 1.1.0.0  22  NULL 0

7）. Floating static ：

• The priority of entries generated to the routing table in different ways is different , Direct connection =0   static state =60  .
• Priority value range 0-255  Smaller, higher .
• [r1]ip route-static 100.100.100.0 24 13.1.1.2 preference ?
•   INTEGER<1-255>  Preference value range （ Priority range ）
• [r1]ip route-static 100.100.100.0    24    13.1.1.2    preference 61
• When there are multiple paths to the same target , Load the one with the highest priority into the table for use ; If the priority is the same, it will be added to the table at the same time （ Load balancing ）,  Therefore, the priority of some routes can be modified To achieve static （ line ） The effect of backup .

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2.VLAN： Virtual LAN

Switches and routers work together , A broadcast domain is logically divided into multiple .

2.1. Configuration ideas ：

1. Create... On the switch vlan
2. Each interface on the switch is divided into corresponding interfaces vlan in
3. Trunk（ relay ） main rd  
4. VLAN Routing between nodes ---   The sub interface of the router （ Single arm routing ）    Multi layer switch SVI

2.2. Configuration command ：

1）. Create... On the switch ：

• VLAN Is numbered by 12 Bit binary structure ; 0-4095; among 1-4094 Can be used to create vlan
• The default switch exists vlan1, And all interfaces exist in vlan1 in

Create one by one vlan：

[sw1]vlan 2

[sw1-vlan2]q

[sw1]vlan 3

[sw1-vlan3]q

Create multiple vlan（2 Methods ）：

[sw1]vlan batch 4 to 10

[sw1]vlan batch  11 to 20   25 to 30

2）. Each interface on the switch is divided into corresponding interfaces vlan in ：

Divide an interface into corresponding vlan in

[sw1]interface Ethernet0/0/1    

[sw1-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type access   ------ First, modify the interface to the access mode

[sw1-Ethernet0/0/1]port default vlan 2       ------ Then divide the interface into corresponding vlan in

Batch divide multiple interfaces into the same vlan in

[sw1]port-group group-member Ethernet 0/0/3 to Ethernet 0/0/4

[sw1-port-group]port link-type access        ------ Change the interface to the access mode

[sw1-port-group]port default vlan 3

3）.trunk main rd ：

• It doesn't belong to any one vlan, Carry all vlan Traffic forwarding .
• Can mark （ encapsulation ） distinguish （ decapsulation ） Different vlan The label of .
• The principle is to mark a （ Or dismantling ）vlan The label of .
• VLAN ID The standard pressed into the data frame --- 802.1q（dot1.q）

[sw1]interface e0/0/5

[sw1-Ethernet0/0/5]port link-type trunk                   ------ Modify the interface trunk Pattern

[sw1-Ethernet0/0/5]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 3  

notes ： By default, Huawei switches only allow VLAN1 adopt ; Allow list needs to be defined

[sw2-Ethernet0/0/3]port trunk allow-pass vlan all    ------ Allow all vlan adopt

4）. Router sub interface ：

[router]interface g0/0/0.1      ------ Create sub interfaces

[router-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]ip address 192.168.1.254 24

[router-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]dot1q termination vid 2     ------ Define what it manages vlan

[router-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]arp broadcast enable       ------ Open the sub interface ARP function

[router]interface g0/0/0.2

[router-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]ip address  192.168.2.254 24

[router-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]dot1q  termination vid 3

[router-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]arp broadcast enable