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空间几何
2022-06-11 07:43:00 【csuzhucong】
目录
一,祖暅原理
如果界于两个平行平面之间的两个立体,被任一平行于这两个平面的平面所截,两个截面的面积都相等,则这两个立体的体积相等。
二,正多边形、正多面体
正多边形是指二维平面内各边相等,各角也相等的多边形。
显然,除了正三角形之外,各边 相等各角也相等2个条件缺一不可。
正多面体,是指多面体的各个面都是全等的正多边形,并且各个多面角都是全等的多面角。
五种正多面体,即是正四面体、正六面体、正八面体、正十二面体和正二十面体。
用欧拉定理证明只有5种正多面体:

求解不定方程组,得到5个解:

三,阿基米德半正多面体
阿基米德半正多面体是指,边数不全相同的正多边形组成且所有多面角都相同的凸多面体,排除侧面是正方形的正棱柱、反棱柱。
阿基米德半正多面体一共有13种:


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