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Schizophrenia is a word we often hear or mention in our life . Schizophrenia is a paradox , On the one hand, it is known as a film and television theme but not understood at the same time , On the other hand , For people with schizophrenia , They are lonely and vulnerable , Often unable to be understood but eager to be understood .

Today, let's take off the coat of artistic processing , To know and understand schizophrenia from the perspective of scientific research , It mainly includes the clinical manifestations and diagnosis of schizophrenia 、 Treatment of schizophrenia .

One . Clinical manifestation and diagnosis

Schizophrenia was officially named after 1908 Year of 4 month 24 Japan , Modern medicine regards this disease as a syndrome , It is a collection of symptoms and signs with unknown etiology , Therefore, it can not be diagnosed by a single symptom , It's usually about removing emotional barriers 、 After delirium , The diagnosis is based on the patient's psychiatric symptoms , There are mainly the following ：

1. Delusion

The most common delusion is persecution 、 Relationship delusion 、 Jealousy and delusion 、 Non lineage delusion, etc . such as , Some patients believe they are being chased , They have to hide or attack his pursuers , Some patients believe they have been excluded , The normal communication with others will be considered by the patient as a slander .

2. illusion

People with schizophrenia may claim to have heard certain sounds or seen certain things , Will believe that this information gives them some kind of instruction to do certain things , This is incomprehensible to outsiders , But for schizophrenic patients, it can “ True ” Felt .

3. Thinking disorders

Thinking disorder refers to problems in the process of understanding and analyzing objective things , It can be divided into thinking Association disorder 、 Thinking logic barrier and thinking content barrier （ Classify according to the process of thinking ）.

At present, the most commonly used diagnostic scales for schizophrenia in the world are the diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental diseases in the United States 4 edition （DSM-IV） And the international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems No 10 edition （ICD-10）.

A very important point in the diagnosis of schizophrenia is to be alert to negative symptoms , Negative symptoms are less significant than positive symptoms, but they are more harmful and more difficult to treat , Its possible manifestation is the decrease of emotional expression and reaction 、 Less interpersonal communication and discourse 、 indifferent 、 Lack of interest, energy, etc .

Two . Treatment

1. medication

Drug therapy is the usual treatment after the diagnosis of schizophrenia , It mainly blocks dopamine D-2 Recipient . At present, the drugs developed for schizophrenia, such as risperidone and aripiprazole, mainly have effects on positive symptoms , No significant improvement in negative symptoms , At the same time, there is a high risk of metabolic adverse reactions , Therefore, whether to take drugs in the course of treatment needs to be based on the potential benefits 、 Consider the risks and costs carefully .

2. Psychological and social support

For the treatment of schizophrenia, it is not enough to rely solely on drugs , Only with the corresponding psychological and social support , Drug therapy can play its full role . In this respect , Community patient management is a better model . The so-called community patient management model refers to the close contact between mental disease professionals, patients and caregivers in and out of the hospital , To ensure the smooth completion of medical and social care .

As far as doctors are concerned , Accurately classify the patient's condition , It is extremely important to closely monitor the changes in the situation ; In the case of carers , Set realistic and reasonable goals for patients while taking care of them , Respect their personality , It is very important to encourage them to communicate with others .

From the perspective of contemporary science , Schizophrenia is the result of the combination of genetic susceptibility and various adverse experiences in the process of individual growth , therefore , Maintaining a positive and healthy mental state is of great significance to the prevention of schizophrenia .

Yes, of course , There are always some bumps in life , When the inner conflict cannot be resolved by oneself, you can receive psychological counseling in time , Help us return to peace .

reference ：
1. Liwenjing , Xupeiyang , Jizhigang . Research progress of schizophrenia [J]. Journal of practical clinical medicine , 2011, 15(5):3.

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