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INS/GPS组合导航类型简介
2022-07-06 19:13:00 【python小白(下阶段小黑)】
INS/GPS组合导航类型简介
前言
导航技术为用户提供运动物体的位置、速度和姿态信息。常用导航方法有卫星导航和惯性导航。
卫星导航以其定位精度高、区域覆盖范围广、用户端价格低廉且便于应用等优点,在导航领域备受关注,成为应用最广泛的导航技术[1]。虽然卫星导航系统有着精度高、全天候、连续实时定位的能力,但其定位性能受环境影响较大,如在城市峡谷、隧道等信号遮挡严重或干扰较大的地方,卫星导航的精度会大幅降低,甚至会出现定位解算失败的情况。惯性导航技术建立在牛顿经典力学定律的基础上,通过航迹推算原理求得物体的实时位置[2]。惯性导航具有独立工作能力强、不易受外界干扰等优点,但由于航位推算过程存在误差累积,因此惯性导航的精度是随时间发散的,不能独立地进行长期定位工作。
卫星导航和惯性导航存在天然的优势互补,随着导航技术的发展,捷联式惯性导航(Strap-down Inertial Navigation System , SINS)和全球定位系统(Global Positioning System ,GPS)构成的SINS/GPS组合导航系统成为领域研究热点,可以实现两个子系统的互补更新,有效解决GPS在丢失信号的情况下无法确定位置以及INS存在长期积累误差的问题[3]。
组合导航系统核心技术在于状态方程构建、量测方程构建和系统融合算法的设计。
内容
根据INS和GPS耦合程度的不同,INS/GPS的组合形式可以划分为松组合(Loosely Coupled ,LC)、紧组合(Tightly Coupled ,TC)以及深组合或超紧组合(Ultra-tightly Coupled)[3]。
松组合基于GNSS解算的位置和速度,结构简单、技术成熟、易实现,且精度也较高;紧组合基于GNSS观测量,如伪距和伪距率,构建较松组合复杂但效果更好;
深组合,基于GNSS信号,主要是通过调整接收机结构、提高接收机性能来实现,目前的技术不成熟、实现难度较高。
黄凤钊等人以伪距(伪距变化率)残差作为观测信息, 实现了SINS/GPS伪距组合导航系统的软硬件设计,静态和动态实验均取得了较好的精度[9]。陈家斌等人设计了一种加权平均跟踪误差估计器,能对伪距观测量中的码环跟踪误差进行有效的修正,系统的导航精度有明显的提高[10]。
PSINS中19维组合导航代码可参考一下
function [avp, xkpk, zkrk, sk, ins, kf] = sinsgps(imu, gps, ins, davp, imuerr, lever, dT, rk, Pmin, Rmin, fbstr, isfig)
% 19-state SINS/GNSS integrated navigation Kalman filter.
% The 19-state includes:
% [phi(3); dvn(3); dpos(3); eb(3); db(3); lever(3); dT(1)]
% The 3- or 6- measurements are:
% [dvn(3)] or [dvn(3); dpos(3)]
%
% Prototype: [avp, xkpk, zkrk, sk, ins, kf] = sinsgps(imu, gps, ins, davp, imuerr, lever, dT, rk, Pmin, Rmin, fbstr, isfig)
% Inputs: imu - IMU array [wm, vm, t]
% gps - GNSS array [vn, pos, t] or [pos, t];
% ins - ins array, set by function 'insinit'
% davp - AVP array for P0 setting
% imuerr - set by function 'imuerrset', for P0 and Qk setting
% lever - lever arm from IMU to GNSS, if lever(4)=0 then Pk(lever)=0 for no lever estimation
% dT - time delay from IMU to GNSS, if dT(2)=0 then Pk(dT)=0 for no time delay estimation
% rk - measurement noise std(dpos) or std([dvn;dpos])
% Pmin - Pmin setting, Pmin<=0 for no Pmin constrain
% Rmin - Rmin setting, Rmin<=0 for no adaptive KF, Rmin=0~1 scale for adaptive KF and Rmin = Rk*Rmin
% fbstr - KF feedback string from 'avpedLT'
% isfig - figure flag
%
% Example 1:
% [avp1, xkpk, zkrk, sk, ins1, kf1] = sinsgps(imu, gps, 300);
%
% Example 2:
% ins = insinit([yaw;pos], ts);
% avperr = avperrset([60;300], 1, 100);
% imuerr = imuerrset(0.03, 100, 0.001, 1);
% Pmin = [avperrset([0.1,1],0.001,0.01); gabias(0.1, [10,30]); [0.01;0.01;0.01]; 0.0001].^2;
% Rmin = vperrset(0.001, 0.01).^2;
% [avp1, xkpk, zkrk, sk, ins1, kf1] = sinsgps(imu, gps, ins, avperr, imuerr, rep3(1), 0.01, vperrset(0.1,10), Pmin, Rmin, 'avp');
%
% Example 3:
% t0 = 1; t1 = 916;
% avp0 = getat(avp,t0);
% ins = insinit(avp0, ts);
% avperr = avperrset([60;300], 1, 10);
% imuerr = imuerrset(0.5, 1000, 0.1, 25);
% Pmin = [avperrset([0.2,1.0],0.01,0.2); gabias(0.01, [10,10]); [0.01;0.01;0.01]; 0.001].^2;
% Rmin = vperrset(0.1, 0.3).^2;
% [avp1, xkpk, zkrk, sk, ins1, kf] = sinsgps(imu(t0/ts:t1/ts,:), gps, ins, avperr, imuerr, rep3(1), 0.1, vperrset(0.1,10), Pmin, Rmin, 'avped');
%
% See also kfinit, kfupdate, imugpssyn, igsplot, insupdate, posprocessing.
% Copyright(c) 2009-2021, by Gongmin Yan, All rights reserved.
% Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi An, P.R.China
% 09/10/2013, 06/02/2021, 02/11/2021
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