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App crashed inexplicably. At first, it thought it was the case of the name in the header. Finally, it was found that it was the fault of the container!

2020-11-08 23:46:00 Liu Zhihang

Preface


The deployment of test , Deployment pre release , Everything is ready for testing , Go to production .

Release production

Flash back

What???

Roll back now

Start troubleshooting

Code as like as two peas at the back end. , No APP Let's talk about it . can APP There's no release on the end .

…… An investigation

Turned out to be APP End pack , Test and pre release packages Header It's all over the place Authorization , What's going on in production authorization . It's case , Change it quickly .


official account :『 Liu Zhihang 』, Record the skills in work study 、 Development and source notes ; From time to time to share some of the life experience . You are welcome to guide !

background

The homepage interface can only be accessed by login , Because the home page to show access to user accounts some information . Here, we use unified interception , from Header In order to get token after , Use token Get user information .

And now to change to users who are not logged in, you can also view the propaganda copy in the home page information and so on , Only the account information is not displayed .

Original process

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The whole process is in the code ThreadLocal Underlying principle There is an introduction in it . Part of the code is omitted here .

@Component
public class TokenInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)
            throws Exception {
        LocalUserUtils.remove();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {

        //  Does the request method have a comment 
        boolean assignableFrom = handler.getClass().isAssignableFrom(HandlerMethod.class);

        if (!assignableFrom) {
            return true;
        }

        CheckToken checkToken = null;
        if (handler instanceof HandlerMethod) {
            checkToken = ((HandlerMethod) handler).getMethodAnnotation(CheckToken.class);
        }

        //  There is no comment   Let it go 
        if (checkToken == null) {
            return true;
        }

        //  from Header In order to get Authorization
        String authorization = request.getHeader("Authorization");
        log.info("header authorization : {}", authorization);
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(authorization)) {
            log.error(" from Header In order to get Authorization Failure ");
            throw CustomExceptionEnum.NOT_HAVE_TOKEN.throwCustomException();
        }

        //  Other code omissions 

        return true;
    }
}

From the code, we can see that the general process here is as follows :

  1. It's using interceptors to intercept requests
  2. If the method does not CheckToken Let's go of the notes
  3. Yes CheckToken annotation , From request Of header In order to get Authorization

The new demand

I just want to get rid of the annotations , It is then retrieved from the request parameters token that will do . Get the original logic , If you can't get it, you will only return the information such as propaganda copy .

from Header For information

Get a request header directly headerName

@PostMapping("/getAuthorizationByKey")
public String getAuthorizationByKey(@RequestHeader("Authorization") String authorization) {

    log.info(" obtain  Authorization --->{}", authorization);

    return authorization;
}

Use Map Get all request headers

@PostMapping("/getAuthorizationByMap")
public String getAuthorizationByMap(@RequestHeader Map<String, String> map) {

    String authorization = map.get("Authorization");

    log.info(" obtain  Authorization --->{}", authorization);

    return authorization;
}

Use MultiValueMap Get request header

@PostMapping("/getAuthorizationByMultiValueMap")
public String getAuthorizationByMultiValueMap(@RequestHeader MultiValueMap<String, String> map) {

    List<String> authorization = map.get("Authorization");

    log.info(" obtain  Authorization --->{}", authorization);

    return "SUCCESS";
}

Use HttpHeaders Get request header

@PostMapping("/getAuthorizationByHeaders")
public String getAuthorizationByHeaders(@RequestHeader HttpHeaders headers) {

    List<String> authorization = headers.get("Authorization");

    log.info(" obtain  Authorization --->{}", authorization);

    return "SUCCESS";
}

Use HttpServletRequest obtain

@PostMapping("/getAuthorizationByServlet")
public String getAuthorizationByServlet(HttpServletRequest request) {

    String authorization = request.getHeader("Authorization");

    log.info(" obtain  Authorization --->{}", authorization);

    return authorization;
}

The test file

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After testing, these are OK , Finally choose to use Map receive Header , And then from Map In order to get Authorization.

PS: There may be small partners testing, but , Find accepted header Inside name It's all lowercase , Can continue reading .
The source code is at the end of the article , You can also pay attention to the official account , send out headerName/4 obtain .

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You think it's over if you get here , That's naive .

see , The scene described at the beginning of the article appears , Roll back quickly , Then check the problem , Finally, it was determined to be yes Header Of name Case problem .

reflection

  1. Before APP That's what Duan said , So why is it normal to use interceptors ?
  2. Are all the above ways the same ?
  3. Do not rule out tomcat Found that the original will be converted to lowercase , And why ?

Simulation investigation

Environment configuration

Simulation production first uses the same container configuration , The built-in tomcat Containers , And use undertow Containers .

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
        <!-- Exclude the Tomcat dependency -->
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>
</dependency>

Why not use interceptors to pass lowercase

  • Use lowercase for modification authorization

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  • debug The breakpoint

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A magical scene appeared , It's actually in lowercase , however request.getHeader("Authorization"); But you can get it authorization

  • F7 Keep following

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io.undertow.servlet.spec.HttpServletRequestImpl#getHeader The first 190 That's ok , from HeaderMap Gets the first element in the

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io.undertow.util.HeaderMap#getFirst The first 297 That's ok , adopt getEntry Method to get header

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Keep tracking , Found in io.undertow.util.HeaderMap#getEntry(java.lang.String) Method 77~79 We got it when we got it header Information . Then take a look at this source code .

On a closer look, it turns out that 77 That's ok final int hc = HttpString.hashCodeOf(headerName); In obtaining name Of hashCode when , It doesn't matter whether it's case or not , It's all the same hashCode. The code is as follows

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higher Method :

private static int higher(byte b) {
    return b & (b >= 'a' && b <= 'z' ? 0xDF : 0xFF);
}

What does this mean

  1. If b Is a lowercase character b & 0xDF
  2. If b Is a capital character, then b & 0xFF

contrast ASCII surface , Difference between upper and lower case letters 32 and 0xFF(255) and 0xDF(223) The same difference 32, So the problem is fixed .header Of name Whether it's uppercase or lowercase , Will find the same value .

Of course you can do the same

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So who's up there ,Header Used in name That's it. .

Use Map Why is case sensitive

Uppercase is passed in

HttpServlet 
-> DispatcherServlet#doDispatch 
-> AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter#handle 
-> RequestMappingHandlerAdapter#handleInternal 
-> RequestMappingHandlerAdapter#invokeHandlerMethod 
-> ServletInvocableHandlerMethod#invokeAndHandle
-> InvocableHandlerMethod#invokeForRequest ( Parse parameter values )
-> InvocableHandlerMethod#getMethodArgumentValues
-> RequestHeaderMapMethodArgumentResolver#resolveArgument

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As shown in the figure String headerName = iterator.next(); name Case sensitive LinkedHashMap in , The corresponding Controller Method .

So there's the problem I've had .

Of course, in theory APP Clients should not test and pre release with uppercase , Production uses lowercase .

The source code read above is just Spring Yes Header To deal with ,Spring stay HttpServlet On request ,Spring No request for Header Of name Case conversion , Just getting the corresponding value When , No case sensitive fetch .

Container pair header To deal with

undertow Handling of containers
  • Processing of request parameters

Here we find undertow There is no case conversion operation on the request parameters .

  • from HttpServletRequest obtain header

debug It was found that io.undertow.servlet.spec.HttpServletRequestImpl#getHeader, This process is the above investigation process .

  • from Headers In order to get header

adopt debug Find out jetty It's called org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders#get, And then call org.springframework.util.MultiValueMapAdapter#get, And then call org.springframework.util.LinkedCaseInsensitiveMap#get

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Case insensitive

  • from MultiValueMap obtain header

This piece of debug The discovery was made directly from LinkedHashMap Acquired , So it's case sensitive .

tomcat Handling of containers

  • Processing of request parameters

And if not excluded , The embedded tomcat The container passes both uppercase and lowercase , All received are lowercase , What is the situation ?

adopt debug It was found that it was not excluded tomcat It uses , When receiving a request, the org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.

stay Http11Processor#service In the method

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class 284 The bank is responsible for processing the analysis header

Get into org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11InputBuffer#parseHeaders Method

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The first 589 That's ok (Download Sources after ), read parseHeader Method

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Discovery will request header Of name Convert to lowercase

  • from HttpServletRequest obtain header

When using tomcat When the container , call org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade#getHeader, org.apache.catalina.connector.Request#getHeader, org.apache.coyote.Request#getHeader org.apache.tomcat.util.http.MimeHeaders#getHeader Last call org.apache.tomcat.util.http.MimeHeaders#getValue obtain header

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Case judgment is also ignored here

  • from Headers obtain header

adopt debug Find out tomcat What the container calls down is org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders#get, And then call org.springframework.util.MultiValueMapAdapter#get, And then call org.springframework.util.LinkedCaseInsensitiveMap#get

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Case insensitive

  • from MultiValueMap obtain header

This piece of debug The discovery was made directly from LinkedHashMap Acquired , So it's case sensitive .

jetty Handling of containers

  • Processing of request parameters

If replaced jetty If the container

stay org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpConnection You will find that both uppercase and lowercase are converted to humps .

Source code can be read org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpParser#parseFields

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Will be converted to hump nomenclature .

  • from HttpServletRequest obtain header

adopt debug Find out jetty It's called org.eclipse.jetty.server.Request#getHeader

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jetty In obtaining header when , Would call org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpFields#get

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It turns out that the case is ignored in the acquisition

  • from Headers obtain header

adopt debug Find out jetty What the container calls down is org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders#get, And then call org.springframework.util.MultiValueMapAdapter#get, And then call org.springframework.util.LinkedCaseInsensitiveMap#get

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Case insensitive

  • from MultiValueMap obtain

Also called org.springframework.util.MultiValueMapAdapter#get Then it is case insensitive . And from the Headers Get the same in .

summary

Q&A

Q: Why interceptors get Authorization Can be case insensitive ?

A: Get from interceptor Authorization In fact, from HttpServletRequest In order to get , No matter what you use here tomcat Or use undertow perhaps jetty obtain Header Yes, they are all ignored headerName Upper and lower case . Specific can read the above source analysis .

Q: So much to get Header What's the difference in the way you do it ?
A:

Different containers can be implemented in different ways , Here is a list

undertow tomcat jetty
Request parameter case conversion unchanged A lowercase letter hump
Get a request header directly headerName Ignore case , Can't be empty Ignore case , Can't be empty Ignore case , Can't be empty
Use Map Get all request headers Map Of key And incoming headerName Case consistency , Consistent access Map Of key It's all lowercase , Lowercase is required headerName obtain Map Of key It's the hump nomenclature , Only by naming humps can we get
Use MultiValueMap Get request header It's actually from LinkedHashMap In order to get , Case sensitive It's actually from LinkedHashMap In order to get , Case sensitive from LinkedCaseInsensitiveMap obtain , Case insensitive
Use HttpHeaders Get request header from LinkedCaseInsensitiveMap obtain , Case insensitive from LinkedCaseInsensitiveMap obtain , Case insensitive from LinkedCaseInsensitiveMap obtain , Case insensitive
Use HttpServletRequest obtain Use HttpString.hashCodeOf(headerName) Case ignored call MimeHeaders#getValue Case ignored HttpFields#get Case ignored

Find through the table , Even if different containers are in use HttpHeaders Get the request header is called Spring Of LinkedCaseInsensitiveMap obtain header, And case is ignored internally , It is recommended here .

Also use HttpServletRequest It's also recommended to get it .

Conclusion

This paper mainly analyzes a problem in production , And then you start to explore why , At the beginning, I found that it was Spring Why , Because use Map Reception time , headerName What is the format .

Write on your own demo I found that , Original and Spring It doesn't matter much , It's the container . Different containers are handled in different ways . So summarize the relevant articles , For your reference , deficiencies , Welcome to correct .

Related information

  1. This article source address :https://github.com/liuzhihang...

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